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Speckle patterns have been used widely in imaging techniques such as ghost imaging, dynamic speckle illumination microscopy, structured illumination microscopy, and photoacoustic fluctuation imaging. Recent advances in the ability to control the statistical properties of speckles has enabled the customization of speckle patterns for specific imaging applications. In this work, we design and create special speckle patterns for parallelized nonlinear pattern-illumination microscopy based on fluorescence photoswitching. We present a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration where we obtain a spatial resolution three times higher than the diffraction limit of the illumination optics in our setup. Furthermore, we show that tailored speckles vastly outperform standard speckles. Our work establishes that customized speckles are a potent tool in parallelized super-resolution microscopy.
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Efficient Monte Carlo simulation of spatiotemporal speckles and their correlations
When viewed under coherent illumination, scattering materials such as tissue exhibit highly varying speckle patterns. Despite their noise-like appearance, the temporal and spatial variations of these speckles, resulting from internal tissue dynamics and/or external perturbation of the illumination, carry strong statistical information that is highly valuable for tissue analysis. The full practical applicability of these statistics is still hindered by the difficulty of simulating the speckles and their statistics. This paper proposes an efficient Monte Carlo framework that can efficiently sample physically correct speckles and estimate their covariances. While Monte Carlo algorithms were originally derived for incoherent illumination, our approach simulates complex-valued speckle fields. We compare the statistics of our speckle fields against those produced by an exact numerical wave solver and show a precise agreement, while our simulator is a few orders of magnitude faster and scales to much larger scenes. We also show that the simulator predictions accurately align with existing analytical models and simulation strategies, which currently address various partial settings of the general problem.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2008123
- PAR ID:
- 10485843
- Publisher / Repository:
- Optica
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Optica
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 8
- ISSN:
- 2334-2536
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1081
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.489837
