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Title: Direct recycling of lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles for closed-loop life cycle impact mitigation
Direct recycling of lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles aims to close the loop of battery manufacturing. This study presents a novel process-based life cycle assessment model for studying the environmental impacts associated with the direct recycling for closed-loop production of lithium ion battery relative to the conventional open-loop battery manufacturing. A 66 kWh NMC-graphite battery pack is analyzed using directly recycled NMC and graphite for the closed-loop manufacturing. The results show that the closed-loop manufacturing via direct recycling can reduce environmental impacts by up to 54% over the conventional open-loop manufacturing of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2101129
PAR ID:
10489079
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ;
Publisher / Repository:
Elsevier
Date Published:
Journal Name:
CIRP Annals
Volume:
72
Issue:
1
ISSN:
0007-8506
Page Range / eLocation ID:
13 to 16
Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
Life cycle analysis battery recycling
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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