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Abstract A liquid‐phase polymer‐to‐ceramic approach is reported for the synthesis of hafnium carbide (HfC)/hafnium oxide (HfO2) composite particles from a commercial precursor. Typically, HfC ceramics have been obtained by sintering of fine powders, which usually results in large particle size and high porosity during densification. In this study a single‐source liquid precursor was first cured at low temperature and then pyrolyzed at varying conditions to achieve HfC ceramics. The chemical structure of the liquid and cured precursors, and the resulting HfC ceramics was studied using various analytical techniques. The nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of partially hydrated hafnium oxychloride (Hf–O–Cl·nH2O) in the precursor. Scanning electron microscopy of the resulting HfC crystals showed a size distribution in the range of approx. 600–700 nm. The X‐ray diffraction of the pyrolyzed samples confirmed the formation of crystalline HfC along with monoclinic‐HfO2and free carbon phase. The formation of HfO2in the ceramics was significantly reduced by controlling the low‐temperature curing temperature. Pyrolysis at various temperatures showed that HfC formation occurred even at 1000°C. These results show that the reported precursor could be promising for the direct synthesis of ultrahigh temperature HfC ceramics and for precursor infiltration pyrolysis of reinforced ceramic matrix composites.
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Hybrid HfC‐SiCN matrix for improved oxidation resistance of carbon fiber–reinforced mini‐composites
Abstract Hafnium carbide (HfC) is an ultrahigh‐temperature ceramic with high melting point, chemical stability, hardness, and wear resistance. However, its low fracture toughness and poor thermal shock resistance limit its structural applications in extreme environments. In this study, co‐curing of liquid precursors was carried out prior to complete pyrolysis of individual polymeric precursors. First, HfC preceramic polymer precursor was cured, followed by silicon carbonitride (SiCN) precursor curing on a 2D carbon fiber (CF) cloth using the drop‐coating process. The infiltrated CFs were pyrolyzed at 800°C to achieve CF/HfC‐SiCN ceramic mini‐composites. The cross‐linked precursor‐to‐ceramic yield was observed to be as high as 65% when the procedure was carried out in an inert environment. Although stable up to 1200°C, CF/HfC‐SiCN samples demonstrated susceptibility to oxidation at 1500°C in ambient air. The oxidation of HfC in the presence of SiC leads to the formation of a hafnium‐containing silicate (HfxSiyOz) along with hafnia (HfO2). This compound of silicate and hafnia limits oxygen diffusion better than SiO2and HfO2individually. The incorporation of SiCN in HfC ceramic led to improved phase stability compared to a neat HfC system. The results of this study also show that the use of liquid‐phase precursors for HfC and SiCN in the polymer‐infiltrated pyrolysis method is a promising approach to fabricating high‐temperature structural ceramic matrix composites with good oxidation resistance.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1743701
- PAR ID:
- 10492209
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science
- Volume:
- 6
- Issue:
- 2
- ISSN:
- 2578-3270
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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