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2. Embodiment and Human Development

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3. Maize ANT1 modulates vascular development, chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and plant growth

   https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012245117  

   Liu, Wen-Yu; Lin, Hsin-Hung; Yu, Chun-Ping; Chang, Chao-Kang; Chen, Hsiang-June; Lin, Jinn-Jy; Lu, Mei-Yeh Jade; Tu, Shih-Long; Shiu, Shin-Han; Wu, Shu-Hsing; et al (September 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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   Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), an AP2 transcription factor, is known to control plant growth and floral organogenesis. In this study, our transcriptome analysis and in situ hybridization assays of maize embryonic leaves suggested that maize ANT1 (ZmANT1) regulates vascular development. To better understand ANT1 functions, we determined the binding motif of ZmANT1 and then showed that ZmANT1 binds the promoters of millet SCR1 , GNC , and AN3 , which are key regulators of Kranz anatomy, chloroplast development, and plant growth, respectively. We generated a mutant with a single-codon deletion and two frameshift mutants of the ANT1 ortholog in the C4 millet Setaria viridis by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The two frameshift mutants displayed reduced photosynthesis efficiency and growth rate, smaller leaves, and lower grain yields than wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, their leaves sporadically exhibited distorted Kranz anatomy and vein spacing. Conducting transcriptomic analysis of developing leaves in the WT and the three mutants we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two frameshift mutant lines and found many down-regulated DEGs enriched in photosynthesis, heme, tetrapyrrole binding, and antioxidant activity. In addition, we predicted many target genes of ZmANT1 and chose 13 of them to confirm binding of ZmANT1 to their promoters. Based on the above observations, we proposed a model for ANT1 regulation of cell proliferation and leaf growth, vascular and vein development, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis through its target genes. Our study revealed biological roles of ANT1 in several developmental processes beyond its known roles in plant growth and floral organogenesis. 

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4. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Connected Vehicle Application Development Platform

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   null (Ed.)

   Connected vehicle (CV) application developers need a development platform to build, test, and debug real-world CV applications, such as safety, mobility, and environmental applications, in edge-centric cyber-physical system (CPS). The objective of this paper is to develop and evaluate a scalable and secure CV application development platform (CVDeP) that enables application developers to build, test, and debug CV applications in real-time while meeting the functional requirements of any CV applications. The efficacy of the CVDeP was evaluated using two types of CV applications (one safety and one mobility application) and they were validated through field experiments at the South Carolina Connected Vehicle Testbed (SC-CVT). The analyses show that the CVDeP satisfies the functional requirements in relation to latency and throughput of the selected CV applications while maintaining the scalability and security of the platform and applications. 

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5. Development-ally focused: a review and reconceptualization of ally identity development

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