Ruthenium pincer complexes for light activated toxicity: Lipophilic groups enhance toxicity

Sun, Yifei; Das, Sanjit; Brown, Spenser R.; Blevins, Emily R.; Qu, Fengrui; Ward, Nicholas A.; Gregory, Shawn Aiden; Boudreaux, Chance M.; Kim, Yonghyun; Papish, Elizabeth T.

doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112110

Toxicity in online games refers to behaviors where players disrupt the gaming experience of others, leading to adverse outcomes such as depression and low self-esteem. Although scholars have identified various factors contributing to toxicity, ranging from individual motivations to team dynamics to cultural backgrounds, the role of game design has been less frequently discussed. To bridge this gap, we conducted an interview study to explore players' perceptions of how game design influences toxicity. Our research identified four game design elements that participants perceived as contributing factors to the emergency of toxicity in their experiences: team interdependency, fairness, interaction design, and privacy. These findings help us shed light on how game design unintendedly triggers toxic intentions, exposes players to vulnerability, making them potential victims, and affects player interactions which lead to toxicity. We further propose design implications that can mitigate toxicity in online games.

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