Extended guiding-center Vlasov–Maxwell equations are derived under the assumption of time-dependent and inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields that obey the standard guiding-center space-timescale orderings. The guiding-center Vlasov–Maxwell equations are derived up to second order, which contains dipole and quadrupole contributions to the guiding-center polarization and magnetization that include finite-Larmor-radius corrections. Exact energy-momentum conservation laws are derived from the variational formulation of these higher-order guiding-center Vlasov–Maxwell equations.
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Faithful guiding-center orbits in an axisymmetric magnetic field
The problem of the charged-particle motion in an axisymmetric magnetic geometry is used to assess the validity of higher-order Hamiltonian guiding-center theory, which includes higher-order corrections associated with gyrogauge invariance as well as guiding-center polarization induced by magnetic-field non-uniformity. Two axisymmetric magnetic geometries are considered: a magnetic mirror geometry and a simple tokamak geometry. When a magnetically confined charged-particle orbit is regular (i.e., its guiding-center magnetic moment is adiabatically invariant), the guiding-center approximation, which conserves both energy and azimuthal canonical angular momentum, is shown to be faithful to the particle orbit when higher-order corrections are taken into account.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2206302
- PAR ID:
- 10498420
- Publisher / Repository:
- American Institute of Physics
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Volume:
- 30
- Issue:
- 4
- ISSN:
- 1070-664X
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 042115
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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