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1. Towards non-invasive bladder volume sensing via bio-impedance spectroscopy: feasibility demonstration in ex-vivo bladder models

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3576841.3585932  

   Vafi, Ata; Vali, Kourosh; Kasap, Begum; Hu, Jonathan C; Kurzrock, Eric; Ghiasi, Soheil (May 2023, ACM)
2. Targeted and untargeted urinary metabolic profiling of bladder cancer

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115473  

   Ossoliński, Krzysztof; Ruman, Tomasz; Copié, Valérie; Tripet, Brian P.; Kołodziej, Artur; Płaza-Altamer, Aneta; Ossolińska, Anna; Ossoliński, Tadeusz; Nieczaj, Anna; Nizioł, Joanna (May 2023, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis)

   Bladder cancer (BC) is frequent cancer affecting the urinary tract and is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. No biomarkers that can be used for effective monitoring of therapeutic interventions for this cancer have been identified to date. This study investigated polar metabolite profiles in urine samples from 100 BC patients and 100 normal controls (NCs) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two methods of high- resolution nanoparticle-based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Five urine metabolites were identified and quantified using NMR spectroscopy to be potential indicators of bladder cancer. Twenty-five LDI-MS-detected compounds, predominantly peptides and lipids, distinguished urine samples from BC and NCs individuals. Level changes of three characteristic urine metabolites enabled BC tumor grades to be distinguished, and ten metabolites were reported to correlate with tumor stages. Receiver-Operating Characteristics analysis showed high predictive power for all three types of metabolomics data, with the area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.87. These findings suggest that metabolite markers identified in this study may be useful for the non-invasive detection and monitoring of bladder cancer stages and grades. 

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3. MP26-03 IN VIVO MICROSCOPIC IMAGING OF BLADDER LESIONS

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.861  

   Kannady, Christopher R.; Schwarz, Richard A.; Carns, Jennifer; Cherry, Katelin D.; Vohra, Imran; Tang, Yubo; Quang, Timothy; Clavell Hernandez, Jonathan; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca; Dhanani, Nadeem (April 2018, Journal of Urology)
4. Metabolomic and elemental profiling of blood serum in bladder cancer

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2022.08.004  

   Ossoliński, Krzysztof; Ruman, Tomasz; Copié, Valérie; Tripet, Brian P.; Nogueira, Leonardo B.; Nogueira, Katiane O.P.C.; Kołodziej, Artur; Płaza-Altamer, Aneta; Ossolińska, Anna; Ossoliński, Tadeusz; et al (September 2022, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis)

   Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of urinary cancer. Despite advances in treatment methods, no specific biomarkers are currently in use. Targeted and untargeted profiling of metabolites and elements of human blood serum from 100 BC patients and the same number of normal controls (NCs), with external validation, was attempted using three analytical methods, i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance, gold and silver-109 nanoparticle-based laser desorption/ionization mass spec- trometry (LDI-MS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Four potential serum biomarkers of BC, namely, iso- butyrate, pyroglutamate, choline, and acetate, were quantified with proton nuclear magnetic resonance, which had excellent predictive ability as judged by the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.999. Two elements, Li and Fe, were also found to distinguish between cancer and control samples, as judged from ICP-OES data and AUC of 0.807 (in validation set). Twenty-five putatively identified compounds, mostly related to glycans and lipids, differentiated BC from NCs, as detected using LDI-MS. Five serum metab- olites were found to discriminate between tumor grades and nine metabolites between tumor stages. The results from three different analytical platforms demonstrate that the identified distinct serum metabolites and metal elements have potential to be used for noninvasive detection, staging, and grading of BC. 

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5. A Dual-Bladder Buoyancy Engine for a Cephalopod-Inspired AUV

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2019.8793872  

   Sholl, Nick; Mohseni, Kamran (May 2019, 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA))

   null (Ed.)

   This paper presents a nonlinear, backstepping depth and pitch controller for a dual-bladder buoyancy engine actuated by gear pumps. Flow-rate feedback is obtained using a custom flow sensor comprised of a differential pressure sensor and a small, 3D-printed attachment. The controller is simulated using a model of the CephaloBot, our in-house developed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Its depth control capability is also experimentally validated using a single-bladder buoyancy engine on-board a smaller-scale test cylinder. Lyapunov stability analysis shows global, asymptotic stability, which is exhibited in our simulation. Our experiments verify that this buoyancy engine is a feasible and effective depth controller for AUVs. 

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