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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating gene expression and are implicated in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to their diagnostic and prognostic significance, the development of sensitive, specific, and reliable detection methods for miRNAs has become a research priority. Nucleic-acid-based approaches offer unique advantages, including high specificity, the potential for amplification, and adaptability to various detection platforms. This review discusses recent advances in nucleic-acid-based strategies for miRNA detection, highlighting techniques such as hybridization-based methods, amplification strategies, CRISPR-based approaches, novel NV-diamond sensors, as well as their integration into point-of-care devices.
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Sample‐to‐answer salivary miRNA testing: New frontiers in point‐of‐care diagnostic technologies
Abstract MicroRNA (miRNA), crucial non‐coding RNAs, have emerged as key biomarkers in molecular diagnostics, prognosis, and personalized medicine due to their significant role in gene expression regulation. Salivary miRNA, in particular, stands out for its non‐invasive collection method and ease of accessibility, offering promising avenues for the development of point‐of‐care diagnostics for a spectrum of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases. Such development promises rapid and precise diagnosis, enabling timely treatment. Despite significant advancements in salivary miRNA‐based testing, challenges persist in the quantification, multiplexing, sensitivity, and specificity, particularly for miRNA at low concentrations in complex biological mixtures. This work delves into these challenges, focusing on the development and application of salivary miRNA tests for point‐of‐care use. We explore the biogenesis of salivary miRNA and analyze their quantitative expression and their disease relevance in cancer, infection, and neurodegenerative disorders. We also examined recent progress in miRNA extraction, amplification, and multiplexed detection methods. This study offers a comprehensive view of the development of salivary miRNA‐based point‐of‐care testing (POCT). Its successful advancement could revolutionize the early detection, monitoring, and management of various conditions, enhancing healthcare outcomes. This article is categorized under:Diagnostic Tools > BiosensingDiagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
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- PAR ID:
- 10509503
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
- Volume:
- 16
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 1939-5116
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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