skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


Title: Quantum control and Berry phase of electron spins in rotating levitated diamonds in high vacuum
Abstract Levitated diamond particles in high vacuum with internal spin qubits have been proposed for exploring macroscopic quantum mechanics, quantum gravity, and precision measurements. The coupling between spins and particle rotation can be utilized to study quantum geometric phase, create gyroscopes and rotational matter-wave interferometers. However, previous efforts in levitated diamonds struggled with vacuum level or spin state readouts. To address these gaps, we fabricate an integrated surface ion trap with multiple stabilization electrodes. This facilitates on-chip levitation and, for the first time, optically detected magnetic resonance measurements of a nanodiamond levitated in high vacuum. The internal temperature of our levitated nanodiamond remains moderate at pressures below 10−5Torr. We have driven a nanodiamond to rotate up to 20 MHz (1.2 × 109rpm), surpassing typical nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center electron spin dephasing rates. Using these NV spins, we observe the effect of the Berry phase arising from particle rotation. In addition, we demonstrate quantum control of spins in a rotating nanodiamond. These results mark an important development in interfacing mechanical rotation with spin qubits, expanding our capacity to study quantum phenomena.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2328837 2110591
PAR ID:
10514558
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ;
Publisher / Repository:
Nature Publishing Group
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Volume:
15
Issue:
1
ISSN:
2041-1723
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, npj Quantum Information)
    null (Ed.)
    Abstract Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers, optically active atomic defects in diamond, have attracted tremendous interest for quantum sensing, network, and computing applications due to their excellent quantum coherence and remarkable versatility in a real, ambient environment. One of the critical challenges to develop NV-based quantum operation platforms results from the difficulty in locally addressing the quantum spin states of individual NV spins in a scalable, energy-efficient manner. Here, we report electrical control of the coherent spin rotation rate of a single-spin qubit in NV-magnet based hybrid quantum systems. By utilizing electrically generated spin currents, we are able to achieve efficient tuning of magnetic damping and the amplitude of the dipole fields generated by a micrometer-sized resonant magnet, enabling electrical control of the Rabi oscillation frequency of NV spins. Our results highlight the potential of NV centers in designing functional hybrid solid-state systems for next-generation quantum-information technologies. The demonstrated coupling between the NV centers and the propagating spin waves harbored by a magnetic insulator further points to the possibility to establish macroscale entanglement between distant spin qubits. 
    more » « less
  2. ; (, APL Quantum)
    An interacting spin system is an excellent testbed for fundamental quantum physics and applications in quantum sensing and quantum simulation. For these investigations, detailed information on the interactions, e.g., the number of spins and their interaction strengths, is often required. In this study, we present the identification and characterization of a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center coupled to two electron spins. In the experiment, we first identify a well-isolated single NV center and characterize its spin decoherence time. Then, we perform NV-detected electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to detect surrounding electron spins. From the analysis of the NV-EPR signal, we precisely determine the number of detected spins and their interaction strengths. Moreover, the spectral analysis indicates that the candidates of the detected spins are diamond surface spins. This study demonstrates a promising approach for the identification and characterization of an interacting spin system for realizing entangled sensing using electron spin as quantum reporters. 
    more » « less
  3. ; ; ; ; ; (, Applied Physics Letters)
    Hemoglobin (Hb) is a multifaceted protein, classified as a metalloprotein, chromoprotein, and globulin. It incorporates iron, which plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen within red blood cells. Hb functions by carrying oxygen from the respiratory organs to diverse tissues in the body, where it releases oxygen to fuel aerobic respiration, thus supporting the organism's metabolic processes. Hb can exist in several forms, primarily distinguished by the oxidation state of the iron in the heme group, including methemoglobin (MetHb). Measuring the concentration of MetHb is crucial because it cannot transport oxygen; hence, higher concentrations of MetHb in the blood causes methemoglobinemia. Here, we use optically detected magnetic relaxometry of paramagnetic iron spins in MetHb drop-cast onto a nanostructured diamond doped with shallow high-density nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin qubits. We vary the concentration of MetHb in the range of 6 × 106–1.8 × 107 adsorbed Fe+3 spins per micrometer squared and observe an increase in the NV relaxation rate Γ1 (=1/T1, where T1 is the NV spin lattice relaxation time) up to 2 × 103 s−1. NV magnetic relaxometry of MetHb in phosphate-buffered saline solution shows a similar effect with an increase in Γ1 to 6.7 × 103 s−1 upon increasing the MetHb concentration to 100 μM. The increase in NV Γ1 is explained by the increased spin noise coming from the Fe+3 spins present in MetHb proteins. This study presents an additional usage of NV quantum sensors to detect paramagnetic centers of biomolecules at volumes below 100 picoliter. 
    more » « less
  4. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Science Advances)
    We demonstrate the operation of a rotation sensor based on the nitrogen-14 ( 14 N) nuclear spins intrinsic to nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond. The sensor uses optical polarization and readout of the nuclei and a radio-frequency double-quantum pulse protocol that monitors 14 N nuclear spin precession. This measurement protocol suppresses the sensitivity to temperature variations in the 14 N quadrupole splitting, and it does not require microwave pulses resonant with the NV electron spin transitions. The device was tested on a rotation platform and demonstrated a sensitivity of 4.7°/ s (13 mHz/ Hz ), with a bias stability of 0.4 °/s (1.1 mHz). 
    more » « less
  5. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
    Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a promising platform for nanoscale NMR sensing. Despite significant progress toward using NV centers to detect and localize nuclear spins down to the single spin level, NV-based spectroscopy of individual, intact, arbitrary target molecules remains elusive. Such sensing requires that target molecules are immobilized within nanometers of NV centers with long spin coherence. The inert nature of diamond typically requires harsh functionalization techniques such as thermal annealing or plasma processing, limiting the scope of functional groups that can be attached to the surface. Solution-phase chemical methods can be readily generalized to install diverse functional groups, but they have not been widely explored for single-crystal diamond surfaces. Moreover, realizing shallow NV centers with long spin coherence times requires highly ordered single-crystal surfaces, and solution-phase functionalization has not yet been shown with such demanding conditions. In this work, we report a versatile strategy to directly functionalize C–H bonds on single-crystal diamond surfaces under ambient conditions using visible light, forming C–F, C–Cl, C–S, and C–N bonds at the surface. This method is compatible with NV centers within 10 nm of the surface with spin coherence times comparable to the state of the art. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we use shallow ensembles of NV centers to detect nuclear spins from surface-bound functional groups. Our approach to surface functionalization opens the door to deploying NV centers as a tool for chemical sensing and single-molecule spectroscopy. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email