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The gas-phase rotational spectrum from 8 to 750 GHz and the high-resolution infrared (IR) spectrum of pyridazine (o-C4H4N2) have been analyzed for the ground and four lowest-energy vibrationally excited states. A combined global fit of the rotational and IR data has been obtained using a sextic, centrifugally distorted-rotor Hamiltonian with Coriolis coupling between appropriate states. Coriolis coupling has been addressed in the two lowest-energy coupled dyads (ν16, ν13 and ν24, ν9). Utilizing the Coriolis coupling between the vibrational states of each dyad and the analysis of the IR spectrum for ν16 and ν9, we have determined precise band origins for each of these fundamental states: ν16 (B1) = 361.213 292 7 (17) cm−1, ν13 (A2) = 361.284 082 4 (17) cm−1, ν24 (B2) = 618.969 096 (26) cm−1, and ν9 (A1) = 664.723 378 4 (27) cm−1. Notably, the energy separation in the ν16-ν13 Coriolis-coupled dyad is one of the smallest spectroscopically measured energy separations between vibrational states: 2122.222 (72) MHz or 0.070 789 7 (24) cm−1. Despite ν13 being IR inactive and ν24 having an impractically low-intensity IR intensity, the band origins of all four vibrational states were measured, showcasing the power of combining the data provided by millimeter-wave and high-resolution IR spectra. Additionally, the spectra of pyridazine-dx isotopologues generated for a previous semi-experimental equilibrium structure (reSE) determination allowed us to analyze the two lowest-energy vibrational states of pyridazine for all nine pyridazine-dx isotopologues. Coriolis-coupling terms have been measured for analogous vibrational states across seven isotopologues, both enabling their comparison and providing a new benchmark for computational chemistry.
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This content will become publicly available on June 25, 2025
Millimeter-Wave and High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of 3-Furonitrile
The rotational spectrum of 3-furonitrile has been collected from 85 to 500 GHz, spanning the most intense rotational transitions observable at room temperature. The large dipole moment imparted by the nitrile substituent confers substantial intensity to the rotational spectrum, enabling the observation of over 5600 new rotational transitions. Combined with previously published transitions, the available data set was least-squares fit to partial-octic, distorted-rotor A- and S-reduced Hamiltonian models with low statistical uncertainty (σfit < 0.031 MHz) for the ground vibrational state. Similar to its isomer 2-furonitrile, the two lowest-energy vibrationally excited states of 3-furonitrile (ν17, ν24), which correspond to the in-plane and out-of-plane nitrile bending vibrations, form an a- and b-axis Coriolis-coupled dyad. Rotationally resolved infrared transitions (30−600 cm−1) and over 4200 pure rotational transitions for both ν17 and ν24 were fit to a partial-octic, Coriolis-coupled, two-state Hamiltonian with low statistical uncertainty (σfit rot < 0.045 MHz, σfit IR < 6.1 MHz). The least-squares fitting of these vibrationally excited states provides their accurate and precise vibrational frequencies (ν17 = 168.193 164 8 (67) cm−1 and ν24 = 169.635 831 5 (77) cm−1) and seven Coriolis-coupling terms (Ga, GaJ, GaK, Fbc, FbcK, Gb, and Fac). The two fundamental states exhibit a notably small energy gap (1.442 667 (10) cm−1) and an inversion of the relative energies of ν17 and ν24 compared to those of the isomer 2-furonitrile. The rotational frequencies and spectroscopic constants of 3-furonitrile that we present herein provide a sufficient basis for conducting radioastronomical searches for this molecule across the majority of the frequency range available to current radiotelescopes.
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- PAR ID:
- 10526094
- Publisher / Repository:
- American Chemical Society
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
- Volume:
- 128
- ISSN:
- 1089-5639
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- xxxx
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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