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1. Methods for PoLaR Explorations with Machine Learning: Grammatical Analysis of Intonation without Grammatical Labels

   Veilleux, N. (January 2023, International Congress of Phonetic Sciences)

   This study provides a proof-of-concept for a new method for analyzing intonational form and meaning, demonstrated by analysis of mirative utterances in American English. Here, K-means clustering using measures derived from PoLaR labels (i.e., TCoG) revealed emergent clusters of pitch accents that are suggestive of familiar phonological categories (e.g., MAE_ToBI L+H*). A Random Forest analysis then classified utterance-level meaning based on measures from both smaller granularity (related to individual pitch accents) and larger granularity (related to utterance level meaning), showing >85% correct categorization of exclamative vs filler sentences. This work has implications for how to model mappings between prosody and meaning, especially where existing phonological categories alone don’t identify semantic/pragmatic categories. 

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2. Processing gapping: Parallelism and grammatical constraints

   https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021820903461  

   Kim, Nayoun; Carlson, Katy; Dickey, Mike; Yoshida, Masaya (May 2020, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology)

   This study aims to test two hypotheses about the online processing of Gapping: whether the parser inserts an ellipsis site in an incremental fashion in certain coordinated structures (the Incremental Ellipsis Hypothesis), or whether ellipsis is a late and dispreferred option (the Ellipsis as a Last Resort Hypothesis). We employ two offline acceptability rating experiments and a sentence fragment completion experiment to investigate to what extent the distribution of Gapping is controlled by grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints. Furthermore, an eye-tracking while reading experiment demonstrated that the parser inserts an ellipsis site incrementally but only when grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints allow for the insertion of the ellipsis site. This study shows that incremental building of the Gapping structure follows from the parser’s general preference to keep the structure of the two conjuncts maximally parallel in a coordination structure as well as from grammatical restrictions on the distribution of Gapping such as the Coordination Constraint. 

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3. Generation of refactoring algorithms by grammatical evolution

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10151-4  

   Mariani, Thainá; Kessentini, Marouane; Vergilio, Silvia Regina (September 2022, Empirical Software Engineering)
4. Active Grammatical Inference for Non-Markovian Planning

   Topper, N.; Atia, G.; Trivedi, A.; Velasquez, A. (January 2022, International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling)
5. Deep Subjecthood: Higher-Order Grammatical Features in Multilingual BERT

   https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-main.215  

   Papadimitriou, Isabel; Chi, Ethan A.; Futrell, Richard; Mahowald, Kyle (January 2021, Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume)