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A diagonal physical gate U has 2^n diagonal entries, each indexed by a binary vector v of length n. A CSS codespace C on n qubits is specified by two classical code C1 and C2, where C2 provides the X-stabilizers and the dual of C1 provides the Z-stabilizers. We proved U preserves C if and only if entries indexed by the same coset of C2 in C1 (same X-logical) are identical.
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Biosynthesis of chlorophyll c in a dinoflagellate and heterologous production in planta
Chlorophyll c is a key photosynthetic pigment that has been used historically to classify eukaryotic algae. Despite its importance in global photosynthetic productivity, the pathway for its biosynthesis has remained elusive. Here we define the CHLOROPHYLL C SYNTHASE (CHLCS) discovered through investigation of a dinoflagellate mutant deficient in chlorophyll c. CHLCSs are proteins with chlorophyll a/b binding and 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dioxygenase (2OGD) domains found in peridinin-containing dinoflagellates; other chlorophyll c-containing algae utilize enzymes with only the 2OGD domain or an unknown synthase to produce chlorophyll c. 2OGD-containing synthases across dinoflagellate, diatom, cryptophyte, and haptophyte lineages form a monophyletic group, 8 members of which were also shown to produce chlorophyll c. Chlorophyll c1 to c2 ratios in marine algae are dictated in part by chlorophyll c synthases. CHLCS heterologously expressed in planta results in the accumulation of chlorophyll c1 and c2, demonstrating a path to augment plant pigment composition with algal counterparts.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2308644
- PAR ID:
- 10538360
- Publisher / Repository:
- Cell Press
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Current Biology
- Volume:
- 34
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 0960-9822
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 594 to 605.e4
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Chlorophyll c, biosynthesis, Dinoflagellate, Chromalveolate, 2 oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dioxygenase
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.068
