skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: Citizen Scientists Discover “Asteroid in a Cometary Orbit” 2010 MK 43 has a Comet Tail
Abstract We present the discovery of a short, diffuse tail on minor planet 2010 MK43(alternate designation 2010 RA78)—an object previously identified as an asteroid in a cometary orbit—by volunteers of our Citizen Science programActive Asteroids. Our follow-up investigation revealed eight Dark Energy Camera images showing 2010 MK43with a tail spanning UT 2024 February 12–UT 2024 February 18 when the object was outbound from perihelion. We now classify 2010 MK43as a Jupiter-family comet based on its Tisserand parameter with respect to JupiterTJ = 2.888, though our dynamical simulations reveal that, due to frequent close encounters with Jupiter, 2010 MK43was likely a quasi-Hilda within the last 10 kyr.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1950901 2408827
PAR ID:
10543150
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more » ; « less
Publisher / Repository:
DOI PREFIX: 10.3847
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Research Notes of the AAS
Volume:
8
Issue:
9
ISSN:
2515-5172
Format(s):
Medium: X Size: Article No. 235
Size(s):
Article No. 235
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Abstract We report that minor planet 2004 CV50displayed cometary activity in the form of a short, diffuse tail, first identified by volunteers of the Citizen Science programActive Asteroids, a NASA Partner program hosted on theZooniverseonline platform. The activity is present in three images, from UT 2020 February 15 and UT 2020 March 14, that were acquired with the Dark Energy Camera on the Blanco 4 m telescope at the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. We find that 2004 CV50is most likely an active quasi-Hilda object rather than an active asteroid, despite 2004 CV50having a Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter of 3.06. 
    more » « less
  2. Abstract We report the discovery of cometary activity emanating from minor planet 2015 VP51outbound from its recent perihelion passage. The activity, in the form of a diffuse tail, was first identified by volunteers of our Citizen Science programActive Asteroids, a NASA Partner program hosted on theZooniverseplatform. This discovery was aided by the recently implementedTailNetartificial intelligence assistant which filters out images with a low likelihood of showing cometary activity. The tail is present in nine images of 2015 VP51from the Dark Energy Camera and OmegaCAM between UT 2015 August 2 and UT 2015 October 18. We classify 2015 VP51as a Jupiter-family comet based on its Tisserand parameter with respect to JupiterTJ = 2.931. 
    more » « less
  3. Abstract We report the discovery of cometary activity in the form of a pronounced tail emanating from Near-Earth Object (523822) 2012 DG61, identified in UT 2024 April 18 Dark Energy Camera images by our AI assistant TailNet. TailNet is an AI designed to filter out images unlikely to show activity for volunteers of our NASA Partner “Active Asteroids” Citizen Science campaign, from which our AI is trained. Subsequently, our archival investigation revealed 2012 DG61 is recurrently active after we found it displaying a pronounced tail in a UT 2018 April 16 Steward Observatory Bart Bok 2.3 m telescope image and UT 2018 May 14 observations by G. Borisov with the 0.3 m telescope at MARGO Observatory. Our dynamical integrations reveal that 2012 DG61, an Apollo dynamical class member, is likely in 2:1 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter. We encourage additional observations to help characterize the activity morphology of this near-Earth comet. 
    more » « less
  4. Abstract We report the discovery of an active asteroid, 2016 UU121, for the first time via artificial intelligence-enhanced classification, informed by our NASA Partner programActive Asteroids, a Citizen Science project hosted on theZooniverseplatform. The early version of our deep neural network,TailNet, identified potential activity associated with 2016 UU121in 40 Dark Energy Camera (DECam) images from UT 2021 September 10 to 11. The discovery was vetted and confirmed by ourActive Asteroidscore science team. In total, 66 DECam images of this object showed clear activity in the form of a tail. 2016 UU121has a Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter of 3.161, thus we classify the object as an active asteroid. Moreover, the activity occurred near perihelion, so 2016 UU121is also a candidate Main-belt comet. 
    more » « less
  5. Abstract We report our discovery of cometary activity in the form of a diffuse tail associated with minor planet 2008 QZ44during two previous orbits: 2008 and 2017. This finding was prompted in part byActive Asteroids, ourZooniverse-hosted NASA Partner Citizen Science program. Participants flagged two UT 2017 July 12 Dark Energy Camera images of 2008 QZ44as active. Independently, our team identified activity in nine Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope MegaPrime images from UT 2008 November 20. During both apparitions 2008 QZ44was near its perihelion passage. 2008 QZ44has a Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter of 2.821, placing it in the Jupiter-family comet (JFC) class, and our dynamical integrations confirm this classification. JFCs contain primordial material that informs us about solar system evolution, and help us map the present-day volatile distribution. We note that 2008 QZ44has previously been classified as a quasi-Hilda comet candidate. 
    more » « less