Functionalized Graphene via a One-Pot Reaction Enabling Exact Pore Sizes, Modifiable Pore Functionalization, and Precision Doping

Coe-Sessions, Kira; Davies, Alathea E; Wenzel, Michael J; Dhokale, Bhausaheb; Masoumeh, M G; Vlastos, Nikiphorus; Klaassen, Jordan; Parkinson, Bruce A; de_Sousa_Oliveira, Laura; Hoberg, John O

Abstract Sea-ice pore microstructure constrains ice transport properties, affecting fluid flow relevant to oil-in-ice transport and biogeochemical processes. Motivated by a lack of pore microstructural data, in particular for granular ice and across the seasonal cycle, throat size, tortuosity, connectivity, and other microstructural variables were derived from X-ray computed tomography for brine-filled pores in seasonal landfast ice off northern Alaska. Data were obtained for granular and columnar ice during the ice growth, transition, and melt season. While granular ice exhibits a more heterogeneous pore space than columnar ice, pore and throat size distributions are comparable. The greater tortuosity of pores in granular (1.2 < τ g < 1.7) compared to columnar ice (1.0 < τ c < 1.1) compounded with a less interconnected pore space translates into lower permeability for granular ice during the growth season for a given porosity. The microstructural data explain findings of granular ice hindering vertical oil-in-ice transport during ice growth and transition stage. With granular ice more frequent in the changing Arctic, data from studies such as this are needed to inform improved modeling of porosity-permeability relationships.

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