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1. Cloud-LoRa: Enabling Cloud Radio Access LoRa Networks Using Reinforcement Learning Based Bandwidth-Adaptive Compression

   Shahid, Muhammad Osama; Koch, Daniel; Raghuram, Jayaram; Krishnaswamy, Bhuvana; Chintalapudi, Krishna; Banerjee, Suman (April 2024, 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 24))

   The Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) architecture has been proposed as a way of addressing the network throughput and scalability challenges of large-scale LoRa networks. CRANs can improve network throughput by coherently combining signals, and scale to multiple channels by implementing the receivers in the cloud. However, in remote LoRa deployments, a CRAN’s demand for high-backhaul bandwidths can be challenging to meet. Therefore, bandwidth-aware compression of LoRa samples is needed to reap the benefits of CRANs. We introduce Cloud-LoRa, the first practical CRAN for LoRa, that can detect sub-noise LoRa signals and perform bandwidth-adaptive compression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of CRAN for LoRa operating in real-time. We deploy Cloud-LoRa in an agricultural field over multiple days with USRP as the gateway. A cellular backhaul hotspot is then used to stream the compressed samples to a Microsoft Azure server. We demonstrate SNR gains of over 6 dB using joint multi-gateway decoding and over 2x throughput improvement using state-of-the-art receivers, enabled by CRAN in real-world deployments. 

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2. Cloud-LoRa: Enabling Cloud Radio Access LoRa Networks Using Reinforcement Learning Based Bandwidth-Adaptive Compression

   Shahid, Mohammad_Osama; Koch, Daniel; Rahghuram, Jayaram; Krishnaswamy, Bhuvana; Chintalapudi, Krishna; Banerjee, Suman (April 2024, 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 24))

   The Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) architecture has been proposed as a way of addressing the network throughput and scalability challenges of large-scale LoRa networks. CRANs can improve network throughput by coherently combining signals, and scale to multiple channels by implementing the receivers in the cloud. However, in remote LoRa deployments, a CRAN's demand for high-backhaul bandwidths can be challenging to meet. Therefore, bandwidth-aware compression of LoRa samples is needed to reap the benefits of CRANs. We introduce Cloud-LoRa, the first practical CRAN for LoRa, that can detect sub-noise LoRa signals and perform bandwidth-adaptive compression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of CRAN for LoRa operating in real-time. We deploy Cloud-LoRa in an agricultural field over multiple days with USRP as the gateway. A cellular backhaul hotspot is then used to stream the compressed samples to a Microsoft Azure server. We demonstrate SNR gains of over 6 dB using joint multi-gateway decoding and over 2x throughput improvement using state-of-the-art receivers, enabled by CRAN in real-world deployments. 

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3. Long-Lived LoRa: Prolonging the Lifetime of a LoRa Network

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP49622.2020.9259375  

   Fahmida, Sezana; Modekurthy, Venkata P; Rahman, Mahbubur; Saifullah, Abusayeed; Brocanelli, Marco (October 2020, 2020 IEEE 28th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP))

   null (Ed.)
4. Adapting LoRa Ground Stations for Low-latency Imaging and Inference from LoRa-enabled CubeSats

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3675170  

   Gadre, Akshay; Machester, Zachary; Kumar, Swarun (September 2024, ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks)

   Recent years have seen the rapid deployment of low-cost CubeSats in low-Earth orbit, many of which experience significant latency (several hours) from the time information is gathered to the time it is communicated to the ground. This is primarily due to the limited availability of ground infrastructure that is bulky to deploy and expensive to rent. This article explores the opportunity in leveraging the extensive terrestrial LoRa infrastructure as a solution. However, the limited bandwidth and large amount of Doppler on CubeSats precludes these LoRa links to communicate rich satellite Earth images—instead, the CubeSats can at best send short messages. This article details our experience in designing LoRa-based satellite ground infrastructure that requires software-only modifications to receive packets from LoRa-enabled CubeSats recently launched by our team. We present Vista, a communication system that adapts encoding onboard the CubeSat and decoding configuration on commercial LoRa ground stations to allow images to be communicated. We perform a detailed evaluation of Vista by leveraging wireless channel measurements from a recent CubeSat (2021), and show that Vista can achieve 55.55% lower latency in retrieving data with 12.02 dB improvement in packet retrieval in the presence of terrestrial interference. We then evaluate Vista on a case study on land-use classification over images transmitted over the CubeSat link to further demonstrate a 4.56 dB improvement in image PSNR and 1.38× increase in classification accuracy over baseline approaches. 

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5. Embracing LoRa Sensing with Device Mobility

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3560905.3568524  

   Xie, Binbin; Ganesan, Deepak; Xiong, Jie (November 2022, Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems)