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1. A V-band Phased-Array Antenna for Millimeter-Wave-Based 3D Beam Steering Applications

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886330  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Roy, Sunanda; Mahbub, Ifana (September 2022, 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI))

   This paper presents a compact phased-array antenna for efficient and high-gain millimeter-wave-based 3D beam steering applications. The proposed antenna array consists of 2 × 2 unit cells and each unit cell is a sub-array comprising of 2 × 2 patch elements connected to microstrip lines that are co-fed by a single coaxial cable. Two 45° phase shifting lines are incorporated in each sub-array to facilitate the wide beamsteering range. The dimensions of the proposed phased array antenna are 24 × 24 × 0.324 mm 3 . Simulation results show that the proposed phased-array antenna has a resonating frequency at 58.4 GHz with an operational bandwidth from 50.1 GHz to 77.5 GHz along with a high gain of 26.8 dBi. The array exhibits a maximum beam steering range of 105° in the elevation plane and 195° in the azimuth plane with a gain variation less than 0.9 dBi. 

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2. Modeling and Optimization of the Steering Range of a Phased Array Antenna for Neuromodulation Applications in the Near-Field Region

   https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI52151.2023.10238083  

   Saha, Nabanita; Mahbub, Ifana (July 2023, 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI))

   This paper presents modeling and optimization of the steering range of a microstrip planar phased array antenna to steer the unidirectional near-field focused beam towards a certain direction. This antenna can be implemented in headstage-based neural stimulation system and wireless recording system for optogenetic neuromodulation applications. The proposed phased-array antenna consists of sixteen elements that are designed to provide a uniform power transmission over the 27 cm×23 cm×16 cm rat behavioral cage area. The proposed transmitter (TX) antenna implements a near-field-based wireless power transmission system operating at 2.4 GHz frequency. The phased array antenna steers the beam from -30° to 60° in the elevation plane by feeding the individual elements with different phases using four 4-bit phase shifters. A design analysis of the beam-steering approach of the phased array antenna is presented and the corresponding simulation and measurement results are included in this paper. 

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3. Waveguide-fed Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna using an Antipodal Finline Transition

   https://doi.org/10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608326  

   Molaei, Ali; Martinez-Lorenzo, Jose (July 2018, 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting)

   In this paper, a new waveguide-fed Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) for mm-wave imaging applications is presented. A waveguide-to-broadside coupled Antipodal finline transition is designed to couple the dominant mode of a WR-12 waveguide into the AVA. The transition provides a wideband and low insertion loss in the entire E-band. A dielectric lens is added in front of the AVA to increase the directivity in theendfire direction of the antenna. The performance of the designed antenna is evaluated in the E-band in terms of its return loss,gain, and radiation pattern. 

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4. A Dielectric-Loaded Waveguide Aperture Antenna Based on Waveguide-Fed Cavity-Backed in the 60-GHz Band

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCaS.2019.8732492  

   Shad, Saeideh; Mehrpouyan, Hani (January 2019, 2019 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS))

   In this paper, a 4 ×4-element waveguide-aperture array antenna is designed for applications in the 60 GHz band. To simplify the design process of the feed network, instead of using a conventional waveguide power divider, an efficient approach is proposed where the antenna is fed with two layers of back cavities to distribute power uniformly among the array aperture. The connection between cavities is obtained by a set of coupling slots. A standard WR-15 rectangular waveguide is designed to excite the antenna at the input port over the operating frequency. Furthermore, to improve the antenna gain characteristics and reduce size, array aperture is loaded with a dielectric plate. The most significant advantage of using this design is its efficient radiation patterns and the ability to decrease complexity of feeding network. Simulated results demonstrate that the antenna gain is larger than 25 dB over the frequency range from 58 to 64 GHz. This high gain antenna combined with the simplicity of feeding network is greatly advantageous to millimeter wave applications. 

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5. Electrically controlled phased array OAM radar

   https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559388  

   Orfeo, Dan; Burns, Dylan; Huston, Dryver R.; Xia, Tian (May 2020, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, Proc Vol 11408, Radar Sensor Technology XXIV)

   Raynal, Ann M.; Ranney, Kenneth I. (Ed.)

   Control of orbital angular momentum (OAM) offers the potential for increases in control, sensitivity, and security for high-performance microwave systems. OAM is characterized by an integer OAM mode where zero represents the case of a plane wave. Microwaves with a nonzero OAM mode propagate with a helical wavefront. Orthogonal OAM modes can be used to carry distinct information at the same frequency and polarization, increasing the data rate. The OAM waveform may also increase radar detection capability for certain shaped objects. OAM can be induced by broadcasting a plane wave through a spatial phase plate (SPP) dielectric which introduces an azimuthally dependent phase delay. However, SPPs are frequency-specific, which presents an obstacle for harnessing OAM in frequency-modulated communication systems and wide-bandwidth radar. In this study, we develop a circular phased array to synthesize the desired vortex-shaped wavefront. This approach offers a critical advantage: the phases of all antenna elements are easily programmable under different frequencies. As a result, transmission and reception of the OAM beam can be controlled with great flexibility, making it operable over a wide frequency spectrum, which leverages OAM radar functionality and performance. In this paper, we will investigate a wide-bandwidth radar with OAM mode-control and signal processing. 

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