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Abstract Mafic intrusions, lava flows, and felsic plutons in southwestern Laurentia have been hypothesized to be associated with the emplacement of a late Mesoproterozoic (Stenian Period) large igneous province. Improved geochronologic data resolve distinct episodes of mafic magmatism in the region. The ca. 1,098 Ma main pulse of southwestern Laurentia large igneous province (SWLLIP) magmatism is recorded by mafic intrusions across southeastern California to central Arizona. A younger episode of volcanism resulted in eruptions that formed the ca. 1,082 Ma Cardenas Basalt, which is the uppermost unit of the Unkar Group in the Grand Canyon. With the updated geochronological constraints, we develop new paleomagnetic data from mafic sills in the SWLLIP. Overlapping poles between the Death Valley sills and rocks of similar age in the Midcontinent Rift are inconsistent with large‐scale Cenozoic vertical axis rotations in Death Valley. We also develop a new paleomagnetic pole from the ca. 1,082 Ma Cardenas Basalt (pole longitude = 183.9°E, pole latitude = 15.9°N, = 7.4°,N = 18). The new paleomagnetic data are consistent with the pole path developed from time‐equivalent rocks of the Midcontinent Rift, supporting interpretations that changing pole positions are the result of rapid equatorward motion. These data add to the record of Laurentia's rapid motion from ca. 1,110 to 1,080 Ma that culminated in collisional Grenvillian orogenesis and the assembly of Rodinia.
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High-precision U-Pb geochronology links magmatism in the Southwestern Laurentia large igneous province and Midcontinent Rift
Abstract The Southwestern Laurentia large igneous province (SWLLIP) comprises voluminous, widespread ca 1.1 Ga magmatism in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The timing and tempo of SWLLIP magmatism and its relationship to other late Mesoproterozoic igneous provinces have been unclear due to difficulties in dating mafic rocks at high precision. New precise U-Pb zircon dates for comagmatic felsic segregations within mafic rocks reveal distinct magmatic episodes at ca. 1098 Ma (represented by massive sills in Death Valley, California, the Grand Canyon, and central Arizona) and ca. 1083 Ma (represented by the Cardenas Basalts in the Grand Canyon and a sill in the Dead Mountains, California). The ca. 1098 Ma magmatic pulse was short-lived, lasting 0.25−0.24+0.67 m.y., and voluminous and widespread, evidenced by the ≥100 m sills in Death Valley, the Grand Canyon, and central Arizona, consistent with decompression melting of an upwelling mantle plume. The ca. 1083 Ma magmatism may have been generated by a secondary plume pulse or post-plume lithosphere extension. The ca. 1098 Ma pulse of magmatism in southwestern Laurentia occurred ~2 m.y. prior to an anomalous renewal of voluminous melt generation in the Midcontinent Rift of central Laurentia that is recorded by the ca. 1096 Ma Duluth Complex layered mafic intrusions. Rates of lateral plume spread predicted by mantle plume lubrication theory support a model where a plume derived from the deep mantle impinged near southwestern Laurentia, then spread to thinned Midcontinent Rift lithosphere over ~2 m.y. to elevate mantle temperatures and generate melt. This geodynamic hypothesis reconciles the close temporal relationships between voluminous magmatism across Laurentia and provides an explanation for that anomalous renewal of high magmatic flux within the protracted magmatic history of the Midcontinent Rift.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1847277
- PAR ID:
- 10560743
- Publisher / Repository:
- GSA
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Geology
- Volume:
- 52
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 0091-7613
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 193 to 198
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1130/G51786.1
