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1. Within-job gender pay inequality in 15 countries

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01470-z  

   Penner, Andrew M.; Petersen, Trond; Hermansen, Are Skeie; Rainey, Anthony; Boza, István; Elvira, Marta M.; Godechot, Olivier; Hällsten, Martin; Henriksen, Lasse Folke; Hou, Feng; et al (November 2022, Nature Human Behaviour)

   Abstract Extant research on the gender pay gap suggests that men and women who do the same work for the same employer receive similar pay, so that processes sorting people into jobs are thought to account for the vast majority of the pay gap. Data that can identify women and men who do the same work for the same employer are rare, and research informing this crucial aspect of gender differences in pay is several decades old and from a limited number of countries. Here, using recent linked employer–employee data from 15 countries, we show that the processes sorting people into different jobs account for substantially less of the gender pay differences than was previously believed and that within-job pay differences remain consequential. 

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2. Leading countries in global science increasingly receive more citations than other countries doing similar research

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01351-5  

   Gomez, Charles J.; Herman, Andrew C.; Parigi, Paolo (May 2022, Nature Human Behaviour)

   Abstract Citations and text analysis are both used to study the distribution and flow of ideas between researchers, fields and countries, but the resulting flows are rarely equal. We argue that the differences in these two flows capture a growing global inequality in the production of scientific knowledge. We offer a framework called ‘citational lensing’ to identify where citations should appear between countries but are absent given that what is embedded in their published abstract texts is highly similar. This framework also identifies where citations are overabundant given lower similarity. Our data come from nearly 20 million papers across nearly 35 years and 150 fields from the Microsoft Academic Graph. We find that scientific communities increasingly centre research from highly active countries while overlooking work from peripheral countries. This inequality is likely to pose substantial challenges to the growth of novel ideas. 

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3. AViD Dataset: Anonymized Videos from Diverse Countries

   Piergiovanni, AJ; Ryoo, Michael S (December 2020, Advances in neural information processing systems)
4. COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation in Middle Income Countries

   https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.237  

   Kim, Jongin; Bak, Byeo; Agrawal, Aditya; Wu, Jiaxi; Wirtz, Veronika; Hong, Traci; Wijaya, Derry (January 2023, Association for Computational Linguistics)
5. Rising between-workplace inequalities in high-income countries

   https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918249117  

   Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald; Rainey, Anthony; Avent-Holt, Dustin; Bandelj, Nina; Boza, István; Cort, David; Godechot, Olivier; Hajdu, Gergely; Hällsten, Martin; Henriksen, Lasse Folke; et al (April 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

   It is well documented that earnings inequalities have risen in many high-income countries. Less clear are the linkages between rising income inequality and workplace dynamics, how within- and between-workplace inequality varies across countries, and to what extent these inequalities are moderated by national labor market institutions. In order to describe changes in the initial between- and within-firm market income distribution we analyze administrative records for 2,000,000,000+ job years nested within 50,000,000+ workplace years for 14 high-income countries in North America, Scandinavia, Continental and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia. We find that countries vary a great deal in their levels and trends in earnings inequality but that the between-workplace share of wage inequality is growing in almost all countries examined and is in no country declining. We also find that earnings inequalities and the share of between-workplace inequalities are lower and grew less strongly in countries with stronger institutional employment protections and rose faster when these labor market protections weakened. Our findings suggest that firm-level restructuring and increasing wage inequalities between workplaces are more central contributors to rising income inequality than previously recognized. 

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