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1. Hybrid photonic integration of color centers in designer nanodiamond with SiN nanophotonic devices

   https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_FS.2024.FM2F.1  

   Ngan, Kinfung; Zhan, Yuan; Dory, Constantin; Vučković, Jelena; Sun, Shuo (May 2024, Optica Publishing Group)

   We developed a new technique that enables deterministic assembly of diamond color centers in a SiN photonic circuit. Using this technique, we observed Purcell enhancement of SiV centers coupled to a silicon nitride ring resonator. 

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2. Narrow-Linewidth Tin-Vacancy Centers in a Diamond Waveguide

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00833  

   Rugar, Alison E.; Dory, Constantin; Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar; Lu, Haiyu; Sun, Shuo; Mishra, Sattwik Deb; Shen, Zhi-Xun; Melosh, Nicholas A.; Vučković, Jelena (September 2020, ACS Photonics)

   Integrating solid-state quantum emitters with photonic circuits is essential for realizing large-scale quantum photonic processors. Negatively charged tin-vacancy (SnV−) centers in diamond have emerged as promising candidates for quantum emitters because of their excellent optical and spin properties, including narrow-linewidth emission and long spin coherence times. SnV− centers need to be incorporated in optical waveguides for efficient onchip routing of the photons they generate. However, such integration has yet to be realized. In this Letter, we demonstrate the coupling of SnV− centers to a nanophotonic waveguide. We realize this device by leveraging our recently developed shallow ion implantation and growth method for the generation of high-quality SnV− centers and the advanced quasi-isotropic diamond fabrication technique. We confirm the compatibility and robustness of these techniques through successful coupling of narrow-linewidth SnV− centers (as narrow as 36 ± 2 MHz) to the diamond waveguide. Furthermore, we investigate the stability of waveguide-coupled SnV− centers under resonant excitation. Our results are an important step toward SnV−-based on-chip spin-photon interfaces, single-photon nonlinearity, and photon-mediated spin interactions. 

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3. Fabrication of single color centers in sub-50 nm nanodiamonds using ion implantation

   https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0678  

   Xu, Xiaohui; Martin, Zachariah O.; Titze, Michael; Wang, Yongqiang; Sychev, Demid; Henshaw, Jacob; Lagutchev, Alexei S.; Htoon, Han; Bielejec, Edward S.; Bogdanov, Simeon I.; et al (January 2023, Nanophotonics)

   Abstract Diamond color centers have been widely studied in the field of quantum optics. The negatively charged silicon vacancy (SiV − ) center exhibits a narrow emission linewidth at the wavelength of 738 nm, a high Debye–Waller factor, and unique spin properties, making it a promising emitter for quantum information technologies, biological imaging, and sensing. In particular, nanodiamond (ND)-based SiV − centers can be heterogeneously integrated with plasmonic and photonic nanostructures and serve as in vivo biomarkers and intracellular thermometers. Out of all methods to produce NDs with SiV − centers, ion implantation offers the unique potential to create controllable numbers of color centers in preselected individual NDs. However, the formation of single color centers in NDs with this technique has not been realized. We report the creation of single SiV − centers featuring stable high-purity single-photon emission through Si implantation into NDs with an average size of ∼20 nm. We observe room temperature emission, with zero-phonon line wavelengths in the range of 730–800 nm and linewidths below 10 nm. Our results offer new opportunities for the controlled production of group-IV diamond color centers with applications in quantum photonics, sensing, and biomedicine. 

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4. P1 Center Electron Spin Clusters Are Prevalent in Type Ib Diamonds

   https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c06705  

   Bussandri, Santiago; Shimon, Daphna; Equbal, Asif; Ren, Yuhang; Takahashi, Susumu; Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar; Han, Songi (February 2024, Journal of the American Chemical Society)

   Understanding the spatial distribution of the P1 centers is crucial for diamond-based sensors and quantum devices. P1 centers serve as polarization sources for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) quantum sensing and play a significant role in the relaxation of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. Additionally, the distribution of NV centers correlates with the distribution of P1 centers, as NV centers are formed through the conversion of P1 centers. We utilized DNP and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques that revealed strong clustering of a significant population of P1 centers that exhibit exchange coupling and produce asymmetric line shapes. The 13C DNP frequency profile at a high magnetic field revealed a pattern that requires an asymmetric EPR line shape of the P1 clusters with electron–electron (e–e) coupling strengths exceeding the 13C nuclear Larmor frequency. EPR and DNP characterization at high magnetic fields was necessary to resolve energy contributions from different e–e couplings. We employed a two-frequency pump–probe pulsed electron double resonance technique to show cross-talk between the isolated and clustered P1 centers. This finding implies that the clustered P1 centers affect all of the P1 populations. Direct observation of clustered P1 centers and their asymmetric line shape offers a novel and crucial insight into understanding magnetic noise sources for quantum information applications of diamonds and for designing diamond-based polarizing agents with optimized DNP efficiency for 13C and other nuclear spins of analytes. We propose that room temperature 13C DNP at a high field, achievable through straightforward modifications to existing solution-state NMR systems, is a potent tool for evaluating and controlling diamond defects. 

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5. Battery Characterization via Eddy-Current Imaging with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

   https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073069  

   Zhang, Xue; Chatzidrosos, Georgios; Hu, Yinan; Zheng, Huijie; Wickenbrock, Arne; Jerschow, Alexej; Budker, Dmitry (April 2021, Applied Sciences)

   null (Ed.)

   Sensitive and accurate diagnostic technologies with magnetic sensors are of great importance for identifying and localizing defects of rechargeable solid batteries using noninvasive detection. We demonstrate a microwave-free alternating current (AC) magnetometry method with negatively charged NV centers in diamond based on a cross-relaxation feature between nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and individual substitutional nitrogen (P1) centers occurring at 51.2 mT. We apply the technique to non-destructively image solid-state batteries. By detecting the eddy-current-induced magnetic field of the battery, we distinguish a defect on the external electrode and identify structural anomalies within the battery body. The achieved spatial resolution is μμμ360μm. The maximum magnetic field and phase shift generated by the battery at the modulation frequency of 5 kHz are estimated as 0.04 mT and 0.03 rad respectively. 

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