skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


This content will become publicly available on December 20, 2025

Title: Language maps and sociolinguistic data: Developing linguistic cartography of Bantoid languages
Drawing language maps is not normally considered an important part of linguists’ work. Nonetheless, language maps influence their users’ perceptions and understandings of the characteristics of the languages that they represent. Therefore, given their communicative power, wide accessibility, and generalized use for educational purposes, attention must be paid as to what messages language maps convey about the languages that they visualize since different cartographic styles can be suited to representing some language ecologies better than others. However, decisions at this level are not normally made explicit by cartographers, and the ways in which certain ideologies surface in language maps can escape the attention of both linguists and cartographers alike. This article clarifies why these issues are especially relevant in a domain such as that of the study of Bantoid languages and proposes some novel cartographic models that have been used for representing the languages of Lower Fungom in western Cameroon. These include some cartographic strategies for the representation of the language ideologies of speaker communities and of individual multilingualism. The latter is both a key and under-researched feature in Bantoid sociolinguistics and the article suggests how scholars who are not sociolinguists may nevertheless contribute to its exploration.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1761639
PAR ID:
10573031
Author(s) / Creator(s):
Publisher / Repository:
Hamburg University Press
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Afrika und Übersee
ISSN:
0002-0427
Page Range / eLocation ID:
87 to 113
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Pappuswamy, Umarani (Ed.)
    Interlinear-glossed text (IGT) is a method of representing semantic, morphological and phonological information about lexemes along with phrase and clause level translations of connected text. While the Leipzig Glossing Rules (LGR) provide general standards and principles for IGT, we argue here that language-family specific guidelines are necessary to facilitate rapid creation of new interpretable IGT that can be used for language description, typological discovery, and cross-language comparison. Using selected examples of Tibeto-Burman IGTs, we demonstrate how linguists create their own terminology and conventions for representing linguistic phenomena which fall outside the scope of the LGR. To date, there are few, at least within the Sino-Tibetan linguistics community, that have discussed language-family specific IGT conventions, so new annotators lack guidance on IGT creation. This paper examines how typical Tibeto-Burman constructions (e.g., reduplication, verb stem alternation, directionals) are represented in IGT from several South Central Tibeto-Burman languages. We offer some remarks on the purposes of IGT and some principles for new IGT creators. 
    more » « less
  2. Over the past three decades the field of linguistics has refocused attention on endangered languages, and enormous strides have been made to document these languages and develop archive infrastructure for language data. Although the potential for language archives to support language renewal efforts has often been tacitly assumed, much greater attention has been given to the preservation of data than to access and utilization. Documentation activities are imagined as a race against time to get language data into a lasting form before the last speakers pass away. Here I describe three examples of efforts which are working to engage with language communities and increase the accessibility and usability of language resources. Though not necessarily representative, these efforts suggest ways in which linguists, archivists, and communities can collaborate to support digital return. 
    more » « less
  3. Idioms are phrases like English [hit the sack], meaning ‘go to bed’. For linguists working with sign languages, a question arises: “What do idioms look like in a sign language?” This paper proposes a definition of idiom that can be used to identify idioms across languages. Idioms are affective constructions, they are phrasal units, and they are conventional expressions for members of a language community. This definition is used to identify idioms in ASL such as [keep.quiet hard] ‘just have to accept it’. This approach to idioms motivates a constructionist approach to ASL grammar in general, in which all aspects of linguistic knowledge can be represented as meaning-form pairs that vary in their complexity and schematicity. 
    more » « less
  4. This article makes the case for linguists to take part in the study of musical surrogate languages, where linguistic form is transposed onto music. It draws on the case study of the Sambla balafon, a West African resonator xylophone. Seenku (Northwestern Mande, Samogo), the language of the Sambla people, has a highly complex tonal system, whose four contrastive levels and multiple contour tones are encoded musically in the notes of the balafon, allowing musicians to communicate without ever opening their mouths. I analyze the grammar of the surrogate language and demonstrate its use in both phonological analysis and language documentation. 
    more » « less
  5. Abstract One way to bring greater awareness to the fact that language can be, and often is, studied scientifically is to show people the scientific tools that linguists use to study it, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). This project investigated how doing a common IPA activity might influence people’s perceptions of language science and linguists. Adult visitors to a science museum (N = 117) participated in an activity in which they saw their name transcribed into the IPA and were guided to notice how it differed from the standard spelling, informed about some basic articulatory phonetics connected to the sounds in their names, and encouraged to think about the differences between sounds and letters more generally. Participants were then surveyed about what they had learned and their attitudes about language science. The results showed that most participants learned at least some of the core content material. More notably, the participants were more likely to believe that aspects of language such as poetry and dialects could be studied experimentally by scientists than a control group of adults who had not participated. These results demonstrate that even a brief intervention, if thoughtfully conducted, can shift attitudes towards the belief that language can be studied scientifically. 
    more » « less