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Abstract BACKGROUNDWomen are increasingly choosing to delay childbirth, and those with low ovarian reserves indicative of primary ovarian insufficiency are at risk for sub- and infertility and also the early onset of menopause. Experimental strategies that promise to extend the duration of ovarian function in women are currently being developed. One strategy is to slow the rate of loss of existing primordial follicles (PFs), and a second is to increase, or ‘boost’, the number of autologous PFs in the human ovary. In both cases, the duration of ovarian function would be expected to be lengthened, and menopause would be delayed. This might be accompanied by an extended production of mature oocytes of sufficient quality to extend the fertile lifespan. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEIn this work, we consider how slowing physiological ovarian aging might improve the health and well-being of patients, and summarize the current state-of-the-art of approaches being developed. We then use mathematical modeling to determine how interventions are likely to influence the duration of ovarian function quantitatively. Finally, we consider efficacy benchmarks that should be achieved so that individuals will benefit, and propose criteria that could be used to monitor ongoing efficacy in different patients as these strategies are being validated. SEARCH METHODSCurrent methods to estimate the size of the ovarian reserve and its relationship to the timing of the menopausal transition and menopause were compiled, and publications establishing methods designed to slow loss of the ovarian reserve or to deliver additional ovarian PFs to patients were identified. OUTCOMESWe review our current understanding of the consequences of reproductive aging in women, and compare different approaches that may extend ovarian function in women at risk for POI. We also provide modeling of primordial reserve decay in the presence of therapies that slow PF loss or boost PF numbers. An interactive online tool is provided that estimates how different interventions would impact the duration of ovarian function across the natural population. Modeling output shows that treatments that slow PF loss would need to be applied as early as possible and for many years to achieve significant delay of menopause. In contrast, treatments that add additional PFs should occur as late as possible relative to the onset of menopause. Combined approaches slowing ovarian reserve loss while also boosting numbers of (new) PFs would likely offer some additional benefits in delaying menopause. WIDER IMPLICATIONSExtending ovarian function, and perhaps the fertile lifespan, is on the horizon for at least some patients. Modeling ovarian aging with and without such interventions complements and helps guide the clinical approaches that will achieve this goal. REGISTRATION NUMBERNot applicable.
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Leveraging mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging and deep learning for tissue subtype classification in ovarian cancer
This study introduces label-free, automated ovarian tissue cell recognition using O-PTIR imaging, offering 10× better resolution than FTIR. It outperforms FTIR, achieving 0.98 classification accuracy. This work aids early ovarian cancer diagnosis.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1943455
- PAR ID:
- 10574835
- Publisher / Repository:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- The Analyst
- Volume:
- 148
- Issue:
- 12
- ISSN:
- 0003-2654
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 2699 to 2708
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01035F
