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1. IMPROVING SELF-EFFICACY OF FINANCIALLY DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS VIA AUTONOMOUS DESIGN AND BUILD PROJECT

   Chumley, Maxwell; Choudhuri, Shabbir; Plotkowski, Paul; Manoharan, Sanjivan (October 2022, Paper American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

   The attrition rate at the undergraduate level for STEM fields is a disappointing 48%, and this is even higher for low-income students. Approximately only 11% of students who identify as low-income earn an undergraduate degree within six years, while 58% of students from higher income backgrounds earn their undergraduate degree within the same timeframe. The high attrition rates coupled with the already existing low enrollment is adversely affecting the country’s economy as the supply of degreed professionals is not keeping up with demand. The academic persistence of a student is a critical factor in determining if a student decides to remain in a certain major or not. Researchers have concluded that enhancing the self-efficacy of a student results improves academic persistence which may positively influence retention. This study investigates the effect of autonomous, project-based learning on self-efficacy for 15 financially disadvantaged students. The learning experience was constructed such that all four sources of self-efficacy viz. mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasions, and physiological states were incorporated. Results indicate that the experience had a positive effect on the students’ perceived self-efficacy. Each student believed that these played a major role in the success of the project and that their success was very much deserved. 

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2. Introduction to engineering design graphics project supporting problem-based learning for students at-risk

   Ernst, J. V. (January 2018, Proceedings of the annual midyear conference of the Engineering Design Graphics Division American Society for Engineering Education)

   null (Ed.)

   All engineering schools in the United States are currently teaching some version of a design graphics course, since it is required by ABET. This project will explore the factors that affect program persistence, in order to create a curricular approach that will improve the student experience, particularly for at-risk, females, underrepresented minority, and first-generation college students. Our overall goal is to refine a transferable Problem-Based Learning framework to promote engineering persistence, academic success, and engagement. The authors feel that such efforts will support the retention of STEM students by addressing shortcomings of introductory STEM courses (i.e. Engineering Graphics). 

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3. What’s Your STEMspiration?: Adaptation and Validation of A Survey Instrument

   https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.667616  

   Hargraves, Rosalyn Hobson; Morgan, Kristin L.; Jackson, Holly; Feltault, Kelly; Crenshaw, Jasmine; McDonald, Kevin G.; Martin, Marcus L. (May 2021, Frontiers in Education)

   Millions of dollars each year are invested in intervention programs to broaden participation and improve bachelor degree graduation rates of students enrolled in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. The Virginia–North Carolina Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (VA-NC Alliance), a consortium of 11 higher education institutions and one federal laboratory funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), is one such investment., The VA-NC Alliance partners implement evidence-based STEM intervention programs (SIPs) informed by research and specifically designed to increase student retention and graduation rates in STEM majors. The VA-NC Alliance is conducting an Alliance-wide longitudinal research project based in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) titled “What’s Your STEMspiration?” The goal of the research project is to assess the differentiated impacts and effectiveness of the Alliance’s broadening participation efforts and identify emergent patterns, adding to the field of knowledge about culturally responsive SIPs. In other words, “What’s Your STEMspiration?” explores what influences and inspires undergraduates to pursue a STEM degree and career; and how does the development of a STEM identity support students in achieving their goals. In order to complete this research, the research team developed a survey instrument to conduct the quantitative portion of the study. Two preliminary studies, statistical analysis, and cognitive interviews were used to develop and validate the survey instrument. This paper discusses the theoretical and conceptual frameworks and preliminary studies upon which the survey is built, the methodology used to validate the instrument, and the resulting final survey tool. 

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4. Educating Engineering Students Innovatively: A Model for Improving Retention and Academic Performance of Black Upper-Level Students

   Caldwell, Charmane; Perry, Reginald (June 2023, ASEE Annual Conference proceedings)

   Educating Engineering Students Innovatively (EESI, pronounced "easy") is a student support program for sophomores to seniors enrolled in an engineering major offered at the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering. The program is designed to: (1) foster a sense of community, (2) improve students’ engineering skill sets, and (3) provide each student with their direct path of interest from college to the STEM workforce. Universities spend much effort to provide student support programs for first-year students, such as summer bridge programs. However, sometimes upper-level students are not offered the same level of support and can fall off the STEM pathway. Introducing experiential learning experiences centered on the safe space (or community) of students provides a model to address underrepresentation in the STEM workforce and graduate school. This case study of an experiential learning program will provide an option for universities to consider underrepresented minority upperclassmen retention methods. We will present data for students enrolled in an engineering major between 2018-2021, considering students' gender, first-generation, and financial status. This paper will report the results of four (4) different cohorts of EESI Scholars who completed at least one semester in the student support program. We compare the retention rates, persistence, and academic performance of EESI Scholars compared with students that did not participate in the student support program as one measure of the program's success. Then we provide the best practices of the experiential learning program that led to students' persistence at ***** University. This paper could assist other colleges that would like to ensure Black students, who have been historically underrepresented in STEM, persistence in their engineering programs. 

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5. The Impact of Student Engagement, Institutional Environment, College Preparation, and Financial Support on the Persistence of Underrepresented Minority Students in Engineering at a Predominately White Institution: A Perspective from Students

   White, Vemitra; Alexander, Jamel; Prince, Debra; Verdell, Angela (January 2018, Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice)

   The persistence and attrition of underrepresented minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) continues to remain a steadfast problem in education and the workforce. Research has shown that educators, administrators, and policy makers all play a vital role in shaping the future generation of STEM education, programs and the workforce, however, much of the research is deficient in providing URM student perceptions on how key factors such as student engagement, financial support, higher education preparation and institutional environment all impact their persistence in the STEM pipeline. This study employs qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews and casual conversations to gain insight on common trends for the persistence of four (2 males, 2 females) URM students that were enrolled in a 2012 Summer Bridge Program at Mississippi State University (MSU), a predominately large white institution (PWI). Within this study, emphasis will be placed on the engineering branch of STEM. The research found that small diverse organizations such as NSBE and IMAGE along with financial support in the form of scholarships and alumni waivers, and pre-freshmen summer engineering programs such as Summer Bridge played a major role in URM student persistence in engineering disciplines. 

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