Abstract In 1967, Gerencsér and Gyárfás [16] proved a result which is considered the starting point of graph-Ramsey theory: In every 2-coloring of$$K_n$$, there is a monochromatic path on$$\lceil (2n+1)/3\rceil $$vertices, and this is best possible. There have since been hundreds of papers on graph-Ramsey theory with some of the most important results being motivated by a series of conjectures of Burr and Erdős [2, 3] regarding the Ramsey numbers of trees (settled in [31]), graphs with bounded maximum degree (settled in [5]), and graphs with bounded degeneracy (settled in [23]). In 1993, Erdős and Galvin [13] began the investigation of a countably infinite analogue of the Gerencsér and Gyárfás result: What is the largestdsuch that in every$$2$$-coloring of$$K_{\mathbb {N}}$$there is a monochromatic infinite path with upper density at leastd? Erdős and Galvin showed that$$2/3\leq d\leq 8/9$$, and after a series of recent improvements, this problem was finally solved in [7] where it was shown that$$d={(12+\sqrt {8})}/{17}$$. This paper begins a systematic study of quantitative countably infinite graph-Ramsey theory, focusing on infinite analogues of the Burr-Erdős conjectures. We obtain some results which are analogous to what is known in finite case, and other (unexpected) results which have no analogue in the finite case.
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The Galvin property under the ultrapower axiom
Abstract We continue the study of the Galvin property from Benhamou, Garti, and Shelah (2023,Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society151, 1301–1309) and Benhamou (2023,Saturation properties in canonical inner models, submitted). In particular, we deepen the connection between certain diamond-like principles and non-Galvin ultrafilters. We also show that any Dodd sound nonp-point ultrafilter is non-Galvin. We use these ideas to formulate what appears to be the optimal large cardinal hypothesis implying the existence of a non-Galvin ultrafilter, improving on a result from Benhamou and Dobrinen (2023,Journal of Symbolic Logic, 1–34). Finally, we use a strengthening of the Ultrapower Axiom to prove that in all the known canonical inner models, a$$\kappa $$-complete ultrafilter has the Galvin property if and only if it is an iterated sum ofp-points.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2346680
- PAR ID:
- 10575805
- Publisher / Repository:
- Cambridge Press
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Canadian Journal of Mathematics
- ISSN:
- 0008-414X
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1 to 32
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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