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Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are critical to native plant community ecology and influence plant invasions. Research has focused on nutritional benefits of AMF, although evidence shows that they may also confer pathogen resistance. However, most such work has focused on agriculturally relevant plant species. Therefore, whether AMF confer pathogen resistance tonative(wild) plant species, and impact of novel plant–microbial relationships on this benefit, remains understudied.We conducted a series of experiments measuring mycorrhizal‐induced resistance (MIR) to pathogens in native prairie plant species. We tested for pathogenicity across 69 field‐isolated fungi and oomycetes across five plant species. We then conducted experiments assessing growth response to native and non‐native AMF and pathogens in three plant species from native populations and milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) from native and postagricultural populations.We found evidence of MIR in milkweed. Moreover, we identified differential effects of AMF depending on plant species, with milkweed from native populations showing benefits from AMF. Finally, growth response was mediated by local adaptation, with matching AMF–pathogen origin strengthening responses.This work illustrates the importance of locally sourced AMF and plants to native plant ecology and suggests that pathogen resistance may be an important dimension of AMF benefit.
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GUBIC : The global urban biological invasions compendium for plants
Abstract Urban areas are foci for the introduction of non‐native plant species, and they often act as launching sites for invasions into the wider environment. Although interest in biological invasions in urban areas is growing rapidly, and the extent and complexity of problems associated with invasions in these systems have increased, data on the composition and numbers of non‐native plants in urbanized areas remain scattered and idiosyncratic.We assembled data from multiple sources to create the Global Urban Biological Invasions Compendium (GUBIC) for vascular plants representing 553 urban centres from 61 countries across every continent except Antarctica.The GUBIC repository includes 8140 non‐native plant species from 253 families. The number of urban centres in which these non‐native species occurred had a log‐normal distribution, with 65.2% of non‐native species occurring in fewer than 10 urban centres.Practical implications: The dataset has wider applications for urban ecology, invasion biology, macroecology, conservation, urban planning and sustainability. We hope this dataset will stimulate future research in invasion ecology related to the diversity and distributional patterns of non‐native flora across urban centres worldwide. Further, this information should aid the early detection and risk assessment of potential invasive species, inform policy development and assist in setting management priorities.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2514937
- PAR ID:
- 10577076
- Author(s) / Creator(s):
- ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Ecological Solutions and Evidence
- Volume:
- 6
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2688-8319
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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