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Abstract With the rising importance of virtual engineering in an increasingly competitive marketplace, there is a growing need for simplified representations of finite element (FE) modeling for spot joints in lightweight structures without losing accuracy in structural life evaluation. For this purpose, this paper presents a spot weld element with an implicit weld representation and its numerical implementation as a user element for deployment in commercial FE code for reliably computing traction structural stress in a mesh‐insensitive manner. The spot weld element is formulated by degenerating conventional first‐order four‐nodes shell elements by imposing kinematic constraints with respect to a series of virtual nodes placed in the region around a spot weld. The simplicity and effectiveness of the spot weld element have been validated by comparing with the explicit weld representation for computing mesh‐insensitive structural stresses and fatigue life correlation of welded components.
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This content will become publicly available on February 1, 2026
An Implicit Fillet‐Weld Element Formulation for Mesh‐Insensitive Fatigue Evaluation of Complex Structures
ABSTRACT In fatigue evaluation of welded structures, explicit weld representations in finite element (FE) models are needed for reliably capturing stress or strain concentration behaviors at critical weld locations, for example, weld toe or weld root, in using widely accepted traction structural stress or extrapolation hot‐spot stress methods. The laborious efforts needed for generating weld geometry have been a major challenge for fatigue evaluation of complex structures containing many welds. In this paper, we present a user‐defined fillet‐weld element formulation and its numerical implementation for computing traction mesh‐insensitive structural stresses. The fillet‐weld element is formulated by connecting several linear four‐nodes Mindlin shell elements around weld region as a user‐defined element. The resulting elements can be directly used with major commercial FE codes through an available user subroutine interface. A number of well‐documented fillet‐welded components are then used for validating the accuracy and robustness of the developed fillet‐weld elements.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2126163
- PAR ID:
- 10578296
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
- Volume:
- 48
- Issue:
- 2
- ISSN:
- 8756-758X
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 797 to 813
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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