More Like this

1. Advances in Selected Heterocyclization Methods

   https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1751429  

   Rivas, Mónica; Gevorgyan, Vladimir (July 2023, Synlett)

   Abstract This Account summarizes efforts in our group toward synthesis of heterocycles in the past decade. Selected examples of transannulative heterocyclizations, intermediate construction of reactive compounds en route to these important motifs, and newer developments of a radical approach are outlined. 1 Introduction 2 Transannulative Heterocyclization 2.1 Rhodium-Catalyzed Transannulative Heterocyclization 2.2 Copper-Catalyzed Transannulative Heterocyclization 3 Synthesis of Heterocycles from Reactive Precursors 3.1 Synthesis of Heterocycles from Diazo Compounds 3.2 Synthesis of Heterocycles from Alkynones 4 Radical Heterocyclization 4.1 Light-Induced Radical Heterocyclization 4.2 Light-Free Radical Heterocyclization 7 Conclusion 

   more » « less
2. Illuminating inequality in access: Variation in enrollment in undergraduate engineering programs across Virginia's high schools

   https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20352  

   Knight, David B.; Grohs, Jacob R.; Bradburn, Isabel S.; Kinoshita, Timothy J.; Vaziri, Stacey; M. Matusovich, Holly; Carrico, Cheryl (October 2020, Journal of Engineering Education)

   Abstract BackgroundDetermining the root causes of persistent underrepresentation of different subpopulations in engineering remains a continued challenge. Because place‐based variation of resource distribution is not random and because school and community contexts influence high school outcomes, considering variation across those contexts should be paramount in broadening participation research. Purpose/HypothesisThis study takes a macroscopic systems view of engineering enrollments to understand variation across one state's public high school rates of engineering matriculation. Design/MethodThis study uses a dataset from the Virginia Longitudinal Data System that includes all students who completed high school from a Virginia public school from 2007 to 2014 (N= 685,429). We explore geographic variation in four‐year undergraduate engineering enrollment as a function of gender, race/ethnicity, and economically disadvantaged status. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between characteristics of the high school and community contexts and undergraduate engineering enrollment across Virginia's high schools using regression analysis. ResultsOur findings illuminate inequality in enrollment in engineering programs at four‐year institutions across high schools by gender, race, and socioeconomic status (and the intersections among those demographics). Different high schools have different engineering enrollment rates among students who attend four‐year postsecondary institutions. We show strong associations between high schools' engineering enrollment rates and four‐year institution enrollment rates as well as moderate associations for high schools' community socioeconomic status. ConclusionsStrong systemic forces need to be overcome to broaden participation in engineering. We demonstrate the insights that state longitudinal data systems can illuminate in engineering education research. 

   more » « less
3. Multi-instantons in minimal string theory and in matrix integrals

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2022)065  

   Eniceicu, Dan Stefan; Mahajan, Raghu; Murdia, Chitraang; Sen, Ashoke (October 2022, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A<sc>bstract</sc> We compute the normalization of the general multi-instanton contribution to the partition function of (p′,p) minimal string theory and also to the dual two-matrix integral. We find perfect agreement between the two results. 

   more » « less
4. Convex polytopes in restricted point sets in R^d

   https://doi.org/10.19086/aic.2025.1  

   Bukh, Boris; Zichao, Dong (January 2025, Advances in Combinatorics)

   For a finite point set P⊂R^d, denote by diam(P) the ratio of the largest to the smallest distances between pairs of points in P. Let c_{d,α}(n) be the largest integer c such that any n-point set P⊂R^d in general position, satisfying diam(P)<αn^{1/d}, contains an c-point convex independent subset. We determine the asymptotics of c_{d,α}(n) as n→∞ by showing the existence of positive constants β=β(d,α) and γ=γ(d) such that βn^{(d−1)/(d+1)}≤c_{d,α}(n)≤γn^{(d−1)/(d+1)} for α≥2. 

   more » « less
5. Ontogenetic Changes in Feeding Behaviors in Tufted Capuchins

   https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70108  

   Canington, Stephanie_L; Kanno, Cláudia_Misue; Yoakum, Caitlin_B; Fogaça, Mariana_Dutra; Holmes, Megan_A; Terhune, Claire_E; de_Oliveira, José_Américo; Chalk‐Wilayto, Janine; Laird, Myra_F (August 2025, American Journal of Biological Anthropology)

   ABSTRACT ObjectivesWild juvenile capuchins exhibit lower feeding success than adults, particularly for mechanically challenging foods, but ontogenetic changes in oral food processing behaviors related to this reduced success are unknown. We test how oral food processing efficiency varies across development in an experimental setting in tufted capuchins (Sapajusspp.). Further, we simulate discontinuous feeding observations to test the comparability of behaviors measured in wild and captive settings. Materials and MethodsTwenty‐nine captive and semi‐wild infants (n = 2), juveniles (n = 12), older juveniles (n = 4), and subadults‐adults (n = 11) were video recorded while feeding at the Núcleo de Procriação de Macacos‐Prego Research Center (Araçatuba, Brazil). Each animal was offered a series of five foods ranging in volume, toughness, and elastic modulus. ResultsMeasures of oral food processing inconsistently varied with sex; however, younger animals were less efficient in food processing than older individuals. Larger and more mechanically challenging foods were associated with longer feeding sequence durations and an increased frequency of anterior ingestion, posterior ingestion, and chewing during a feeding sequence. Simulated discontinuous data from the first and last halves of the feeding sequences closely replicated continuous results. ConclusionsOur results indicate younger capuchins have reduced oral food processing efficiency compared to adults through increased duration, behavioral frequencies, number of chews, and behavioral patterns. Further, our continuous and discontinuous comparisons support the use of discontinuous feeding behaviors from the first and last halves of the feeding sequence. We caution that researchers should be careful to capture infrequent behaviors when using discontinuous data. 

   more » « less