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Title: Lightwave-electronic harmonic frequency mixing
Electronic frequency mixers are fundamental building blocks of electronic systems. Harmonic frequency mixing in particular enables broadband electromagnetic signal analysis across octaves of spectrum using a single local oscillator. However, conventional harmonic frequency mixers do not operate beyond hundreds of gigahertz to a few terahertz. If extended to the petahertz scale in a compact and scalable form, harmonic mixers would enable field-resolved optical signal analysis spanning octaves of spectra in a monolithic device without the need for frequency conversion using nonlinear crystals. Here, we demonstrate lightwave-electronic harmonic frequency mixing beyond 0.350 PHz using plasmonic nanoantennas. We demonstrate that the mixing process enables complete, field-resolved detection of spectral content far outside that of the local oscillator, greatly extending the range of detectable frequencies compared to conventional heterodyning techniques. Our work has important implications for applications where optical signals of interest exhibit coherent femtosecond-scale dynamics spanning multiple harmonics.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2402151
PAR ID:
10579223
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ;
Publisher / Repository:
AAAS
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Science Advances
Volume:
10
Issue:
33
ISSN:
2375-2548
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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