Abstract Cross-linguistic interactions are the hallmark of bilingual development. Theoretical perspectives highlight the key role ofcross-linguistic distancesandlanguage structurein literacy development. Despite the strong theoretical assumptions, the impact of such bilingualism factors in heritage-language speakers remains elusive given high variability in children's heritage-language experiences. A longitudinal inquiry of heritage-language learners of structurally distinct languages – Spanish–English and Chinese–English bilinguals (N= 181,Mage= 7.57, measured 1.5 years apart) aimed to fill this gap. Spanish–English bilinguals showed stronger associations between morphological awareness skills across their two languages, across time, likely reflecting cross-linguistic similarities in vocabulary and lexical morphology between Spanish and English. Chinese–English bilinguals, however, showed stronger associations between morphological and word reading skills in English, likely reflecting the critical role of morphology in spoken and written Chinese word structure. The findings inform theories of literacy by uncovering the mechanisms by which bilingualism factors influence child literacy development.
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‘Aquí toman mucho sopa’: Linguistic variables as predictors of non-standard gender agreement production in Basque Spanish
Abstract The language contact between Basque and Spanish in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) gives rise to the production of specific linguistic features such as non-standard gender agreement (N-SGA). N-SGA in BAC Spanish has been traditionally attributed to elder Basque native speakers without much access to education, but this affirmation is not based on any empirical study. In addition, although several scholars have explored N-SGA in other language contact situations, there is no agreement on the linguistic factors that favor this production. Taking this knowledge gap as the point of departure, the present study explores 73 individual sociolinguistic interviews by a diverse population from the BAC in order to delimit (i) the community that produces N-SGA and (ii) the linguistic factors that condition it. Results follow Basterretxea Santiso’s (2022, “A triangulation study on gender agreement in Spanish by native Basque speakers.”Revista Española de Lingüística (RSEL)52(1): 7–37) suggestion that N-SGA in BAC Spanish is present across generations: it is a well-established feature present in BAC Spanish as a result of language contact. Results also support the existence of a local gender agreement system that depends on the gender of the controller, inflectional form, number, distance, and whether the target is a clitic or adjective.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2234506
- PAR ID:
- 10579744
- Publisher / Repository:
- De Gruyter
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Open Linguistics
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2300-9969
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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