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1. Water properties of Arco Lake, Budd Lake, Deming Lake, and Josephine Lake in Itasca State Park from 2006-2009 and 2019-2023.

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/eb8757dedf22ce40e79ca410c2ab9a34  

   Swanner, Elizabeth D; Lascu, Ioan; Harding, Chris; Ledesma, Gabrielle; Leung, Tania; Akam, Sajjad; Chamberlain, Michelle; Ostrander, Chadlin; Heard, Andrew (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   Depth profiles of water column chemical and physical properties were assessed with seasonal-scale frequency from four lakes in the Itasca State Park from 2006-2009 and from 2019-2023. The data was used to assess the mixing status and major geochemical constituents within the lakes. Several parameters were routinely measured with deployable probes at meter or sub-meter resolution at the deepest location in each lake. Water samples were also collected for laboratory analysis. Bathymetry data collected in 2022 is supplied as rasters. 

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2. Lake and drained lake basin systems in lowland permafrost regions

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00238-9  

   Jones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido; Farquharson, Louise M.; Roy-Léveillée, Pascale; Veremeeva, Alexandra; Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Breen, Amy L.; Parsekian, Andrew D.; Ulrich, Mathias; et al (January 2022, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment)
3. Modern Plant Data Qaupat Lake (Lake QPT) Baffin Island, 2022

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A2NG4GT7B  

   Hollister, Kayla; Thomas, Elizabeth K (April 2025, NSF Arctic Data Center)

   Sedimentary plant wax δ 2H values are common proxies for hydrology, a poorly constrained variable in the Arctic. However, it can be difficult to distinguish plant waxes derived from aquatic versus terrestrial plants, causing uncertainty in climate interpretations. We test the hypothesis that Arctic lake sediment mid- and long-chain plant waxes derive from aquatic and terrestrial plants, respectively. We compare n-alkanoic acid and n-alkane chain-length distributions and n-alkanoic acid δ2H and δ13C values of the 29 most abundant modern plant taxa to those for soils, water filtrates, and lake sediments in the Qaupat Lake (QPT) catchment, Nunavut, Canada. Chain length distributions are variable among terrestrial plants, but similar and dominated by mid-chain waxes among submerged/floating aquatic plants. Sedimentary wax distributions are similar to those in submerged/floating aquatic plants and to Salix spp., which are among the most abundant terrestrial plants in the QPT catchment. Mid-chain n-alkanoic acid δ2H values are similar in sediments and submerged/ floating aquatic plants, but 50‰ lower than Salix spp. In contrast, sedimentary long-chain n-alkanoic acid δ2H values fall between those for submerged/floating aquatic plants and Salix spp. We therefore infer that mid-chain waxes in QPT are primarily from aquatic plants, whereas long-chain waxes are from a mix of terrestrial and aquatic plants. In Arctic lakes like QPT, terrestrial wax transport via leaf litter and surface flow is limited by low-lying topography and sparse vegetation. If these lakes also have abundant aquatic plants growing near the sediment-water interface, the aquatic plants can contribute large portions of sedimentary waxes. 

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4. Data Lake Organization

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2021.3091101  

   Nargesian, Fatemeh; Pu, Ken Qian; Ghadiri Bashardoost, Bahar; Zhu, Erkang; Miller, Renee J. (April 2022, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering)
5. A Climatology of Easterly Wind Lake-Effect and Lake-Enhanced Precipitation Events over the Western Lake Superior Region

   https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0080.1  

   Sandstrom, Joshua D.; Cordeira, Jason M.; Hoffman, Eric G.; Metz, Nicholas D. (February 2023, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology)

   Abstract Lake-effect precipitation is convective precipitation produced by relatively cold air passing over large and relatively warm bodies of water. This phenomenon most often occurs in North America over the southern and eastern shores of the Great Lakes, where high annual snowfalls and high-impact snowstorms frequently occur under prevailing west and northwest flow. Locally higher snow or rainfall amounts also occur due to lake-enhanced synoptic precipitation when conditionally unstable or neutrally stratified air is present in the lower troposphere. While likely less common, lake-effect and lake-enhanced precipitation can also occur with easterly winds, impacting the western shores of the Great Lakes. This study describes a 15-year climatology of easterly lake-effect (ELEfP) and lake-enhanced (ELEnP) precipitation (conjointly Easterly Lake Collective Precipitation: ELCP) events that developed in east-to-east-northeasterly flow over western Lake Superior from 2003 to 2018. ELCP occurs infrequently but often enough to have a notable climatological impact over western Lake Superior with an average of 14.6 events per year. The morphology favors both single shore-parallel ELEfP bands due to the convex western shoreline of Lake Superior and mixed-type banding due to ELEnP events occurring in association with “overrunning” synoptic-scale precipitation. ELEfP often occurs in association with a surface anticyclone to the north of Lake Superior. ELEnP typically features a similar northerly-displaced anticyclone and a surface cyclone located over the U.S. Upper Midwest that favor easterly boundary-layer winds over western Lake Superior. 

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