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1. Water properties of Arco Lake, Budd Lake, Deming Lake, and Josephine Lake in Itasca State Park from 2006-2009 and 2019-2023.

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/eb8757dedf22ce40e79ca410c2ab9a34  

   Swanner, Elizabeth D; Lascu, Ioan; Harding, Chris; Ledesma, Gabrielle; Leung, Tania; Akam, Sajjad; Chamberlain, Michelle; Ostrander, Chadlin; Heard, Andrew (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   Depth profiles of water column chemical and physical properties were assessed with seasonal-scale frequency from four lakes in the Itasca State Park from 2006-2009 and from 2019-2023. The data was used to assess the mixing status and major geochemical constituents within the lakes. Several parameters were routinely measured with deployable probes at meter or sub-meter resolution at the deepest location in each lake. Water samples were also collected for laboratory analysis. Bathymetry data collected in 2022 is supplied as rasters. 

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2. Lake and drained lake basin systems in lowland permafrost regions

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00238-9  

   Jones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido; Farquharson, Louise M.; Roy-Léveillée, Pascale; Veremeeva, Alexandra; Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Breen, Amy L.; Parsekian, Andrew D.; Ulrich, Mathias; et al (January 2022, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment)
3. Modern Plant Data Qaupat Lake (Lake QPT) Baffin Island, 2022

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A2NG4GT7B  

   Hollister, Kayla; Thomas, Elizabeth K (April 2025, NSF Arctic Data Center)

   Sedimentary plant wax δ 2H values are common proxies for hydrology, a poorly constrained variable in the Arctic. However, it can be difficult to distinguish plant waxes derived from aquatic versus terrestrial plants, causing uncertainty in climate interpretations. We test the hypothesis that Arctic lake sediment mid- and long-chain plant waxes derive from aquatic and terrestrial plants, respectively. We compare n-alkanoic acid and n-alkane chain-length distributions and n-alkanoic acid δ2H and δ13C values of the 29 most abundant modern plant taxa to those for soils, water filtrates, and lake sediments in the Qaupat Lake (QPT) catchment, Nunavut, Canada. Chain length distributions are variable among terrestrial plants, but similar and dominated by mid-chain waxes among submerged/floating aquatic plants. Sedimentary wax distributions are similar to those in submerged/floating aquatic plants and to Salix spp., which are among the most abundant terrestrial plants in the QPT catchment. Mid-chain n-alkanoic acid δ2H values are similar in sediments and submerged/ floating aquatic plants, but 50‰ lower than Salix spp. In contrast, sedimentary long-chain n-alkanoic acid δ2H values fall between those for submerged/floating aquatic plants and Salix spp. We therefore infer that mid-chain waxes in QPT are primarily from aquatic plants, whereas long-chain waxes are from a mix of terrestrial and aquatic plants. In Arctic lakes like QPT, terrestrial wax transport via leaf litter and surface flow is limited by low-lying topography and sparse vegetation. If these lakes also have abundant aquatic plants growing near the sediment-water interface, the aquatic plants can contribute large portions of sedimentary waxes. 

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4. Data Lake Organization

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2021.3091101  

   Nargesian, Fatemeh; Pu, Ken Qian; Ghadiri Bashardoost, Bahar; Zhu, Erkang; Miller, Renee J. (April 2022, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering)
5. Synoptic Conditions and Lake-to-Lake Connections for Days with Lake-Effect on All of the Great Lakes

   https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-23-0006.1  

   Laird, Neil F.; Crossett, Caitlin C.; Britt, Catherine J.; Metz, Nicholas D.; Carmer, Kelly; McBroom, Braedyn D. (April 2024, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology)

   Abstract An investigation of lake-effect (LE) and the associated synoptic environment is presented for days when all five lakes in the Great Lakes (GL) region had LE bands (5LD). The study utilized an expanded database of observed LE clouds over the GL during 25 cold seasons (October–March) from 1997/1998 to 2021/2022. LE bands occurred on 2870 days (64% of all cold-season days). Nearly a third of all LE bands occurred during 5LD, although 5LD consisted of just 17.1% of LE days. A majority of 5LD (56.5%) had L2L and these days comprised 43.5% of all L2L occurrences. 5LD occurred with a mean of 26.1 (SD=6.2) days per cold season until 2008/2009 and then decreased to a mean of 13.8 (SD=5.5) days during subsequent cold seasons. January and February had the largest number of consecutive LE days in the GL with a mean of 5.7 and 5.4 days, respectively. As the number of consecutive LE days increase, both the number of 5LD and the occurrence of consecutive 5LD increase. This translates to an increased potential of heavy snowfall impacts in multiple, localized areas of the GL for extended time periods. The mean composite synoptic pattern of 5LD exhibited characteristics consistent with lake-aggregate disturbances and showed similarity to synoptic patterns favorable for LE over one or two of the GL found by previous studies. The results demonstrate that several additional areas of the GL are often experiencing LE bands when a localized area has active LE bands occurring. 

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