Summary Plant responses to abiotic environmental challenges are known to have lasting effects on the plant beyond the initial stress exposure. Some of these lasting effects are transgenerational, affecting the next generation. The plant response to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels has been well studied. However, these investigations are typically limited to plants grown for a single generation in a high CO2environment while transgenerational studies are rare.We aimed to determine transgenerational growth responses in plants after exposure to high CO2by investigating the direct progeny when returned to baseline CO2levels.We found that both the flowering plantArabidopsis thalianaand seedless nonvascular plantPhyscomitrium patenscontinue to display accelerated growth rates in the progeny of plants exposed to high CO2. We used the model species Arabidopsis to dissect the molecular mechanism and found that DNA methylation pathways are necessary for heritability of this growth response.More specifically, the pathway of RNA‐directed DNA methylation is required to initiate methylation and the proteins CMT2 and CMT3 are needed for the transgenerational propagation of this DNA methylation to the progeny plants. Together, these two DNA methylation pathways establish and then maintain a cellular memory to high CO2exposure. 
                        more » 
                        « less   
                    
                            
                            Efficient carbene transfer reactivity mediated by Fe( ii ) complexes supported by bulky alkoxides
                        
                    
    
            The reaction of Fe(OR)2(THF)2(OR = bulky alkoxide ligand) with PhIC(CO2Me)2results in the formation of reactive remote carbene/vinyl radical intermediate that undergoes facile cyclopropanation or dimerization. 
        more » 
        « less   
        
    
                            - Award ID(s):
- 2348382
- PAR ID:
- 10588109
- Publisher / Repository:
- Chemical Communications
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Chemical Communications
- Volume:
- 60
- Issue:
- 55
- ISSN:
- 1359-7345
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 7033 to 7036
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
- 
            
- 
            Abstract Over the last two decades, polymers with superior H2/CO2separation properties at 100–300 °C have gathered significant interest for H2purification and CO2capture. This timely review presents various strategies adopted to molecularly engineer polymers for this application. We first elucidate the Robeson's upper bound at elevated temperatures for H2/CO2separation and the advantages of high‐temperature operation (such as improved solubility selectivity and absence of CO2plasticization), compared with conventional membrane gas separations at ~35 °C. Second, we describe commercially relevant membranes for the separation and highlight materials with free volumes tuned to discriminate H2and CO2, including functional polymers (such as polybenzimidazole) and engineered polymers by cross‐linking, blending, thermal treatment, thermal rearrangement, and carbonization. Third, we succinctly discuss mixed matrix materials containing size‐sieving or H2‐sorptive nanofillers with attractive H2/CO2separation properties.more » « less
- 
            Abstract Evaporation of precipitation from plant surfaces, or interception, is a major component of the global water budget. Interception has been measured and/or modelled across a wide variety of forest types; however, most studies have focused on mature, second‐growth forests, and few studies have examined interception processes across forest age classes. We present data on two components of interception, total canopy interception (Ei) and litter interception—that is, Oi + Oehorizon layers—(Eff), across a forest age chronosequence, from 2 years since harvest to old growth. We used precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow collectors to measure total rainfall (P) and estimateEi; and collected litter biomass and modelled litter wetting and drying to estimate evaporative loss from litter. CanopyEi,Pminus throughfall, increased rapidly with forest age and then levelled off to a maximum of 21% ofPin an old‐growth site. Stemflow also varied across stands, with the highest stemflow (~8% ofP) observed in a 12‐year‐old stand with high stem density. ModelledEffwas 4–6% ofPand did not vary across sites. Total stand‐level interception losses (Ei + Eff) were best predicted by stand age (R2 = 0.77) rather than structural parameters such as basal area (R2 = 0.49) or leaf area (R2 < 0.01). Forest age appears to be an important driver of interception losses from forested mountain watersheds even when stand‐level structural variables are similar. These results will contribute to our understanding of water budgets across the broader matrix of forest ages that characterize the modern forest landscape.more » « less
- 
            We present a new set of reference materials, the ND70‐series, forin situmeasurement of volatile elements (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, F) in silicate glass of basaltic composition. The materials were synthesised in piston cylinders at pressures of 1 to 1.5 GPa under volatile‐undersaturated conditions. They span mass fractions from 0 to 6%m/mH2O, from 0 to 1.6%m/mCO2and from 0 to 1%m/mS, Cl and F. The materials were characterised by elastic recoil detection analysis for H2O, by nuclear reaction analysis for CO2, by elemental analyser for CO2, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for H2O and CO2, by secondary ion mass spectrometry for H2O, CO2, S, Cl and F, and by electron probe microanalysis for CO2, S, Cl and major elements. Comparison between expected and measured volatile amounts across techniques and institutions is excellent. It was found however that SIMS measurements of CO2mass fractions using either Cs+or O−primary beams are strongly affected by the glass H2O content. Reference materials have been made available to users at ion probe facilities in the US, Europe and Japan. Remaining reference materials are preserved at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History where they are freely available on loan to any researcher.more » « less
- 
            Summary Increasing atmospheric CO2is changing the dynamics of tropical savanna vegetation. C3trees and grasses are known to experience CO2fertilization, whereas responses to CO2by C4grasses are more ambiguous.Here, we sample stable carbon isotope trends in herbarium collections of South African C4and C3grasses to reconstruct13C discrimination.We found that C3grasses showed no trends in13C discrimination over the past century but that C4grasses increased their13C discrimination through time, especially since 1950. These changes were most strongly linked to changes in atmospheric CO2rather than to trends in rainfall climatology or temperature.Combined with previously published evidence that grass biomass has increased in C4‐dominated savannas, these trends suggest that increasing water‐use efficiency due to CO2fertilization may be changing C4plant–water relations. CO2fertilization of C4grasses may thus be a neglected pathway for anthropogenic global change in tropical savanna ecosystems.more » « less
 An official website of the United States government
An official website of the United States government 
				
			 
					 
					
 
                                    