Abstract Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation.
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- The track-length extension fitting algorithm for energy measurement of interacting particles in liquid argon TPCs and its performance with ProtoDUNE-SP data
This content will become publicly available on February 1, 2026
Title:
The track-length extension fitting algorithm for energy measurement of interacting particles in liquid argon TPCs and its performance with ProtoDUNE-SP data
Abstract This paper introduces a novel track-length extension fitting algorithm for measuring the kinetic energies of inelastically interacting particles in liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The algorithm finds the most probable offset in track length for a track-like object by comparing the measured ionization density as a function of position with a theoretical prediction of the energy loss as a function of the energy, including models of electron recombination and detector response. The algorithm can be used to measure the energies of particles that interact before they stop, such as charged pions that are absorbed by argon nuclei. The algorithm's energy measurement resolutions and fractional biases are presented as functions of particle kinetic energy and number of track hits using samples of stopping secondary charged pions in data collected by the ProtoDUNE-SP detector, and also in a detailed simulation. Additional studies describe the impact of thedE/dxmodel on energy measurement performance. The method described in this paper to characterize the energy measurement performance can be repeated in any LArTPC experiment using stopping secondary charged pions.
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- PAR ID:
- 10588190
- Author(s) / Creator(s):
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Wetstein, M; Whalen, K; White, A; White, A; Whitehead, LH; Whittington, D; Wilhlemi, J; Wilking, MJ; Wilkinson, A; Wilkinson, C; Wilson, F; Wilson, RJ; Winter, P; Wisniewski, W; Wolcott, J; Wolfs, J; Wongjirad, T; Wood, A; Wood, K; Worcester, E; Worcester, M; Wospakrik, M; Wresilo, K; Wret, C; Wu, S; Wu, W; Wu, W; Wurm, M; Wyenberg, J; Xiao, Y; Xiotidis, I; Yaeggy, B; Yahlali, N; Yandel, E; Yang, J; Yang, K; Yang, T; Yankelevich, A; Yershov, N; Yonehara, K; Young, T; Yu, B; Yu, H; Yu, J; Yu, Y; Yuan, W; Zaki, R; Zalesak, J; Zambelli, L; Zamorano, B; Zani, A; Zapata, O; Zazueta, L; Zeller, GP; Zennamo, J; Zeug, K; Zhang, C; Zhang, S; Zhao, M; Zhivun, E; Zimmerman, ED; Zucchelli, S; Zuklin, J; Zutshi, V; Zwaska, R « less
- Corporate Creator(s):
- The_DUNE_collaboration
- Publisher / Repository:
- Institute of Physics
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Instrumentation
- Volume:
- 20
- Issue:
- 02
- ISSN:
- 1748-0221
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- P02021
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- This content will become publicly available on February 1, 2026
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/02/P02021
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!- Citation Formats
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Cite: MLA FormatAbed_Abud, A, Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, MA, Adames, MR, Adamov, G, Adamowski, M, Adams, D, Adinolfi, M, Adriano, C, Aduszkiewicz, A, Aguilar, J, Akbar, F, Alex, NS, Allison, K, Alonso_Monsalve, S, Alrashed, M, Alton, A, Alvarez, R, Alves, T, Amar, H, Amedo, P, Anderson, J, Andreopoulos, C, Andreotti, M, Andrews, MP, Andrianala, F, Andringa, S, Anfimov, N, Ankowski, A, Antic, D, Antoniassi, M, Antonova, M, Antoshkin, A, Aranda-Fernandez, A, Arellano, L, Arrieta_Diaz, E, Arroyave, MA, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Asner, D, Asquith, L, Atkin, E, Auguste, D, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Azam, MB, Azfar, F, Back, A, Back, H, Back, JJ, Bagaturia, I, Bagby, L, Balashov, N, Balasubramanian, S, Baldi, P, Baldini, W, Baldonedo, J, Baller, B, Bambah, B, Banerjee, R, Barao, F, Barbu, D, Barenboim, G, Barham_Alzás, P, Barker, GJ, Barkhouse, W, Barr, G, Barranco_Monarca, J, Barros, A, Barros, N, Barrow, D, Barrow, JL, Basharina-Freshville, A, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Batchelor, C, 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"The track-length extension fitting algorithm for energy measurement of interacting particles in liquid argon TPCs and its performance with ProtoDUNE-SP data". Journal of Instrumentation 20 (02). Country unknown/Code not available: Institute of Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/02/P02021. https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10588190.
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Cite: BibTeX Format@article{osti_10588190,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available}, title = {The track-length extension fitting algorithm for energy measurement of interacting particles in liquid argon TPCs and its performance with ProtoDUNE-SP data}, url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10588190}, DOI = {10.1088/1748-0221/20/02/P02021}, abstractNote = {Abstract This paper introduces a novel track-length extension fitting algorithm for measuring the kinetic energies of inelastically interacting particles in liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The algorithm finds the most probable offset in track length for a track-like object by comparing the measured ionization density as a function of position with a theoretical prediction of the energy loss as a function of the energy, including models of electron recombination and detector response. The algorithm can be used to measure the energies of particles that interact before they stop, such as charged pions that are absorbed by argon nuclei. The algorithm's energy measurement resolutions and fractional biases are presented as functions of particle kinetic energy and number of track hits using samples of stopping secondary charged pions in data collected by the ProtoDUNE-SP detector, and also in a detailed simulation. Additional studies describe the impact of thedE/dxmodel on energy measurement performance. The method described in this paper to characterize the energy measurement performance can be repeated in any LArTPC experiment using stopping secondary charged pions.}, journal = {Journal of Instrumentation}, volume = {20}, number = {02}, publisher = {Institute of Physics}, author = {Abed_Abud, A and Abi, B and Acciarri, R and Acero, MA and Adames, MR and Adamov, G and Adamowski, M and Adams, D and Adinolfi, M and Adriano, C and Aduszkiewicz, A and Aguilar, J and Akbar, F and Alex, NS and Allison, K and Alonso_Monsalve, S and Alrashed, M and Alton, A and Alvarez, R and Alves, T and Amar, H and Amedo, P and Anderson, J and Andreopoulos, C and Andreotti, M and Andrews, MP and Andrianala, F and Andringa, S and Anfimov, N and Ankowski, A and Antic, D and Antoniassi, M and Antonova, M and Antoshkin, A and Aranda-Fernandez, A and Arellano, L and Arrieta_Diaz, E and Arroyave, MA and Asaadi, J and Ashkenazi, A and Asner, D and Asquith, L and Atkin, E and Auguste, D and Aurisano, A and Aushev, V and Autiero, D and Azam, MB and Azfar, F and Back, A and Back, H and Back, JJ and Bagaturia, I and Bagby, L and Balashov, N and Balasubramanian, S and Baldi, P and Baldini, W and Baldonedo, J and Baller, B and Bambah, B and Banerjee, R and Barao, F and Barbu, D and Barenboim, G and Barham_Alzás, P and Barker, GJ and Barkhouse, W and Barr, G and Barranco_Monarca, J and Barros, A and Barros, N and Barrow, D and Barrow, JL and Basharina-Freshville, A and Bashyal, A and Basque, V and Batchelor, C and Bathe-Peters, L and Battat, JBR and Battisti, F and Bay, F and Bazetto, MCQ and Bazo_Alba, JLL and Beacom, JF and Bechetoille, E and Behera, B and Belchior, E and Bell, G and Bellantoni, L and Bellettini, G and Bellini, V and Beltramello, O and Benekos, N and Benitez_Montiel, C and Benjamin, D and Bento_Neves, F and Berger, J and Berkman, S and Bernal, J and Bernardini, P and Bersani, A and Bertolucci, S and Betancourt, M and Betancur_Rodríguez, A and Bevan, A and Bezawada, Y and Bezerra, AT and Bezerra, TJ and Bhat, A and Bhatnagar, V and Bhatt, J and Bhattacharjee, M and Bhattacharya, M and Bhuller, S and Bhuyan, B and Biagi, S and Bian, J and Biery, K and Bilki, B and Bishai, M and Bitadze, A and Blake, A and Blaszczyk, FD and Blazey, GC and Blucher, E and Bodek, A and Bogenschuetz, J and Boissevain, J and Bolognesi, S and Bolton, T and Bomben, L and Bonesini, M and Bonilla-Diaz, C and Bonini, F and Booth, A and Boran, F and Bordoni, S and Borges_Merlo, R and Borkum, A and Bostan, N and Bouet, R and Boza, J and Bracinik, J and Brahma, B and Brailsford, D and Bramati, F and Branca, A and Brandt, A and Bremer, J and Brew, C and Brice, SJ and Brio, V and Brizzolari, C and Bromberg, C and Brooke, J and Bross, A and Brunetti, G and Brunetti, M and Buchanan, N and Budd, H and Buergi, J and Bundock, A and Burgardt, D and Butchart, S and V, GCaceres and Cagnoli, I and Cai, T and Calabrese, R and Calabrese, R and Calcutt, J and Calivers, L and Calvo, E and Caminata, A and Camino, AF and Campanelli, W and Campani, A and Campos_Benitez, A and Canci, N and Capó, J and Caracas, I and Caratelli, D and Carber, D and Carceller, JM and Carini, G and Carlus, B and Carneiro, MF and Carniti, P and Caro_Terrazas, I and Carranza, H and Carrara, N and Carroll, L and Carroll, T and Carter, A and Casarejos, E and Casazza, D and Castaño_Forero, JF and Castaño, FA and Castillo, A and Castromonte, C and Catano-Mur, E and Cattadori, C and Cavalier, F and Cavanna, F and Centro, S and Cerati, G and Cerna, C and Cervelli, A and Cervera_Villanueva, A and Chakraborty, K and Chalifour, M and Chappell, A and Charitonidis, N and Chatterjee, A and Chen, H and Chen, M and Chen, WC and Chen, Y and Chen-Wishart, Z and Cherdack, D and Chi, C and Chiapponi, F and Chirco, R and Chitirasreemadam, N and Cho, K and Choate, S and Choi, G and Chokheli, D and Chong, PS and Chowdhury, B and Christian, D and Chukanov, A and Chung, M and Church, E and Cicala, MF and Cicerchia, M and Cicero, V and Ciolini, R and Clarke, P and Cline, G and Coan, TE and Cocco, AG and Coelho, JAB and Cohen, A and Collazo, J and Collot, J and Conley, E and Conrad, JM and Convery, M and Copello, S and Cova, P and Cox, C and Cremaldi, L and Cremonesi, L and Crespo-Anadón, JI and Crisler, M and Cristaldo, E and Crnkovic, J and Crone, G and Cross, R and Cudd, A and Cuesta, C and Cui, Y and Curciarello, F and Cussans, D and Dai, J and Dalager, O and Dallavalle, R and Dallaway, W and D'Amico, R and da_Motta, H and Dar, ZA and Darby, R and Da_Silva_Peres, L and David, Q and Davies, GS and Davini, S and Dawson, J and De_Aguiar, R and De_Almeida, P and Debbins, P and De_Bonis, I and Decowski, MP and de_Gouvêa, A and De_Holanda, PC and De_Icaza_Astiz, IL and De_Jong, P and Del_Amo_Sanchez, P and De_la_Torre, A and De_Lauretis, G and Delbart, A and Delepine, D and Delgado, M and Dell'Acqua, A and Delle_Monache, G and Delmonte, N and De_Lurgio, P and Demario, R and De_Matteis, G and de_Mello_Neto, JRT and DeMuth, DM and Dennis, S and Densham, C and Denton, P and Deptuch, GW and De_Roeck, A and De_Romeri, V and Detje, JP and Devine, J and Dharmapalan, R and Dias, M and Diaz, A and Díaz, JS and Díaz, F and Di_Capua, F and Di_Domenico, A and Di_Domizio, S and Di_Falco, S and Di_Giulio, L and Ding, P and Di_Noto, L and Diociaiuti, E and Distefano, C and Diurba, R and Diwan, M and Djurcic, Z and Doering, D and Dolan, S and Dolek, F and Dolinski, MJ and Domenici, D and Domine, L and Donati, S and Donon, Y and Doran, S and Douglas, D and Doyle, TA and Dragone, A and Drielsma, F and Duarte, L and Duchesneau, D and Duffy, K and Dugas, K and Dunne, P and Dutta, B and Duyang, H and Dwyer, DA and Dyshkant, AS and Dytman, S and Eads, M and Earle, A and Edayath, S and Edmunds, D and Eisch, J and Englezos, P and Ereditato, A and Erjavec, T and Escobar, CO and Evans, JJ and Ewart, E and Ezeribe, AC and Fahey, K and Fajt, L and Falcone, A and Fani', M and Farnese, C and Farrell, S and Farzan, Y and Fedoseev, D and Felix, J and Feng, Y and Fernandez-Martinez, E and Ferry, G and Fialova, E and Fields, L and Filip, P and Filkins, A and Filthaut, F and Fine, R and Fiorillo, G and Fiorini, M and Fogarty, S and Foreman, W and Fowler, J and Franc, J and Francis, K and Franco, D and Franklin, J and Freeman, J and Fried, J and Friedland, A and Fuess, S and Furic, IK and Furman, K and Furmanski, AP and Gaba, R and Gabrielli, A and Gago, AM and Galizzi, F and Gallagher, H and Gallice, N and Galymov, V and Gamberini, E and Gamble, T and Ganacim, F and Gandhi, R and Ganguly, S and Gao, F and Gao, S and Garcia-Gamez, D and García-Peris, MÁ and Gardim, F and Gardiner, S and Gastler, D and Gauch, A and Gauvreau, J and Gauzzi, P and Gazzana, S and Ge, G and Geffroy, N and Gelli, B and Gent, S and Gerlach, L and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z and Giammaria, T and Gibin, D and Gil-Botella, I and Gilligan, S and Gioiosa, A and Giovannella, S and Girerd, C and Giri, AK and Giugliano, C and Giusti, V and Gnani, D and Gogota, O and Gollapinni, S and Gollwitzer, K and Gomes, RA and Gomez_Bermeo, LV and Gomez_Fajardo, LS and Gonnella, F and Gonzalez-Diaz, D and Gonzalez-Lopez, M and Goodman, MC and Goswami, S and Gotti, C and Goudeau, J and Goudzovski, E and Grace, C and Gramellini, E and Gran, R and Granados, E and Granger, P and Grant, C and Gratieri, DR and Grauso, G and Green, P and Greenberg, S and Greer, J and Griffith, WC and Groetschla, FT and Grzelak, K and Gu, L and Gu, W and Guarino, V and Guarise, M and Guenette, R and Guerzoni, M and Guffanti, D and Guglielmi, A and Guo, B and Guo, FY and Gupta, A and Gupta, V and Gurung, G and Gutierrez, D and Guzowski, P and Guzzo, MM and Gwon, S and Habig, A and Hadavand, H and Haegel, L and Haenni, R and Hagaman, L and Hahn, A and Haiston, J and Hakenmüller, J and Hamernik, T and Hamilton, P and Hancock, J and Happacher, F and Harris, DA and Hart, AL and Hartnell, J and Hartnett, T and Harton, J and Hasegawa, T and Hasnip, CM and Hatcher, R and Hayrapetyan, K and Hays, J and Hazen, E and He, M and Heavey, A and Heeger, KM and Heise, J and Hellmuth, P and Henry, S and Herner, K and Hewes, V and Higuera, A and Hilgenberg, C and Hillier, SJ and Himmel, A and Hinkle, E and Hirsch, LR and Ho, J and Hoff, J and Holin, A and Holvey, T and Hoppe, E and Horiuchi, S and Horton-Smith, GA and Houdy, T and Howard, B and Howell, R and Hristova, I and Hronek, MS and Huang, J and Huang, RG and Hulcher, Z and Ibrahim, M and Iles, G and Ilic, N and Iliescu, AM and Illingworth, R and Ingratta, G and Ioannisian, A and Irwin, B and Isenhower, L and Ismerio_Oliveira, M and Itay, R and Jackson, CM and Jain, V and James, E and Jang, W and Jargowsky, B and Jena, D and Jentz, I and Ji, X and Jiang, C and Jiang, J and Jiang, L and Jipa, A and Jo, JH and Joaquim, FR and Johnson, W and Jollet, C and Jones, B and Jones, R and Jovancevic, N and Judah, M and Jung, CK and Jung, KY and Junk, T and Jwa, Y and Kabirnezhad, M and Kaboth, AC and Kadenko, I and Kakorin, I and Kalitkina, A and Kalra, D and Kandemir, M and Kaplan, DM and Karagiorgi, G and Karaman, G and Karcher, A and Karyotakis, Y and Kasai, S and Kasetti, SP and Kashur, L and Katsioulas, I and Kauther, A and Kazaryan, N and Ke, L and Kearns, E and Keener, PT and Kelly, KJ and Kemp, E and Kemularia, O and Kermaidic, Y and Ketchum, W and Kettell, SH and Khabibullin, M and Khan, N and Khvedelidze, A and Kim, D and Kim, J and Kim, MJ and King, B and Kirby, B and Kirby, M and Kish, A and Klein, J and Kleykamp, J and Klustova, A and Kobilarcik, T and Koch, L and Koehler, K and Koerner, LW and Koh, DH and Kolupaeva, L and Korablev, D and Kordosky, M and Kosc, T and Kose, U and Kostelecký, VA and Kothekar, K and Kotler, I and Kovalcuk, M and Kozhukalov, V and Krah, W and Kralik, R and Kramer, M and Kreczko, L and Krennrich, F and Kreslo, I and Kroupova, T and Kubota, S and Kubu, M and Kudenko, Y and Kudryavtsev, VA and Kufatty, G and Kuhlmann, S and Kulagin, S and Kumar, J and Kumar, P and Kumaran, S and Kunzmann, J and Kuravi, R and Kurita, N and Kuruppu, C and Kus, V and Kutter, T and Kvasnicka, J and Labree, T and Lackey, T and Lalău, I and Lambert, A and Land, BJ and Lane, CE and Lane, N and Lang, K and Langford, T and Langstaff, M and Lanni, F and Lantwin, O and Larkin, J and Lasorak, P and Last, D and Laudrain, A and Laundrie, A and Laurenti, G and Lavaut, E and Laycock, P and Lazanu, I and LaZur, R and Lazzaroni, M and Le, T and Leardini, S and Learned, J and LeCompte, T and Legin, V and Lehmann_Miotto, G and Lehnert, R and Leigui_de_Oliveira, MA and Leitner, M and Leon_Silverio, D and Lepin, LM and Li, J-Y and Li, SW and Li, Y and Liao, H and Lin, CS and Lindebaum, D and Linden, S and Lineros, RA and Lister, A and Littlejohn, BR and Liu, H and Liu, J and Liu, Y and Lockwitz, S and Lokajicek, M and Lomidze, I and Long, K and Lopes, TV and Lopez, J and López_de_Rego, I and López-March, N and Lord, T and LoSecco, JM and Louis, WC and Lozano_Sanchez, A and Lu, X-G and Luk, KB and Lunday, B and Luo, X and Luppi, E and MacFarlane, D and Machado, AA and Machado, P and Macias, CT and Macier, JR and MacMahon, M and Maddalena, A and Madera, A and Madigan, P and Magill, S and Magueur, C and Mahn, K and Maio, A and Major, A and Majumdar, K and Mameli, S and Man, M and Mandujano, RC and Maneira, J and Manly, S and Mann, A and Manolopoulos, K and Manrique_Plata, M and Manthey_Corchado, S and Manyam, VN and Marchan, M and Marchionni, A and Marciano, W and Marfatia, D and Mariani, C and Maricic, J and Marinho, F and Marino, AD and Markiewicz, T and Das_Chagas_Marques, F and Marquet, C and Marshak, M and Marshall, CM and Marshall, J and Martina, L and Martín-Albo, J and Martinez, N and Martinez_Caicedo, DA and Martínez_López, F and Martínez_Miravé, P and Martynenko, S and Mascagna, V and Massari, C and Mastbaum, A and Matichard, F and Matsuno, S and Matteucci, G and Matthews, J and Mauger, C and Mauri, N and Mavrokoridis, K and Mawby, I and Mazza, R and McAskill, T and McConkey, N and McFarland, KS and McGrew, C and McNab, A and Meazza, L and Meddage, VCN and Mefodiev, A and Mehta, B and Mehta, P and Melas, P and Mena, O and Mendez, H and Mendez, P and Méndez, DP and Menegolli, A and Meng, G and Mercuri, ACEA and Meregaglia, A and Messier, MD and Metallo, S and Metcalf, W and Mewes, M and Meyer, H and Miao, T and Micallef, J and Miccoli, A and Michna, G and Milincic, R and Miller, F and Miller, G and Miller, W and Mineev, O and Minotti, A and Miralles, L and Mironov, C and Miryala, S and Miscetti, S and Mishra, CS and Mishra, P and Mishra, SR and Mislivec, A and Mitchell, M and Mladenov, D and Mocioiu, I and Mogan, A and Moggi, N and Mohanta, R and Mohayai, TA and Mokhov, N and Molina, J and Molina_Bueno, L and Montagna, E and Montanari, A and Montanari, C and Montanari, D and Montanino, D and Montaño_Zetina, LM and Mooney, M and Moor, AF and Moore, Z and Moreno, D and Moreno-Palacios, O and Morescalchi, L and Moretti, D and Moretti, R and Morris, C and Mossey, C and Moura, CA and Mouster, G and Mu, W and Mualem, L and Mueller, J and Muether, M and Muheim, F and Muir, A and Mukhamejanov, Y and Mulhearn, M and Munford, D and Munteanu, LJ and Muramatsu, H and Muraz, J and Murphy, M and Murphy, T and Muse, J and Mytilinaki, A and Nachtman, J and Nagai, Y and Nagu, S and Nandakumar, R and Naples, D and Narita, S and Navrer-Agasson, A and Nayak, N and Nebot-Guinot, M and Nehm, A and Nelson, JK and Neogi, O and Nesbit, J and Nessi, M and Newbold, D and Newcomer, M and Nichol, R and Nicolas-Arnaldos, F and Nikolica, A and Nikolov, J and Niner, E and Nishimura, K and Norman, A and Norrick, A and Novella, P and Nowak, A and Nowak, JA and Oberling, M and Ochoa-Ricoux, JP and Oh, S and Oh, SB and Olivier, A and Olshevskiy, A and Olson, T and Onel, Y and Onishchuk, Y and Oranday, A and Osbiston, M and Osorio_Vélez, JA and O'Sullivan, L and Otiniano_Ormachea, L and Ott, J and Pagani, L and Palacio, G and Palamara, O and Palestini, S and Paley, JM and Pallavicini, M and Palomares, C and Pan, S and Panda, P and Panduro_Vazquez, W and Pantic, E and Paolone, V and Papaleo, R and Papanestis, A and Papoulias, D and Paramesvaran, S and Paris, A and Parke, S and Parozzi, E and Parsa, S and Parsa, Z and Parveen, S and Parvu, M and Pasciuto, D and Pascoli, S and Pasqualini, L and Pasternak, J and Patrick, C and Patrizii, L and Patterson, RB and Patzak, T and Paudel, A and Paulucci, L and Pavlovic, Z and Pawloski, G and Payne, D and Pec, V and Pedreschi, E and Peeters, SJM and Pellico, W and Pena_Perez, A and Pennacchio, E and Penzo, A and Peres, OLG and Perez_Gonzalez, YF and Pérez-Molina, L and Pernas, C and Perry, J and Pershey, D and Pessina, G and Petrillo, G and Petta, C and Petti, R and Pfaff, M and Pia, V and Pickering, L and Pietropaolo, F and Pimentel, VL and Pinaroli, G and Pincha, S and Pinchault, J and Pitts, K and Plows, K and Pollack, C and Pollman, T and Pompa, F and Pons, X and Poonthottathil, N and Popov, V and Poppi, F and Porter, J and Porto_Paixão, LG and Potekhin, M and Potenza, R and Pozzato, M and Prakash, T and Pratt, C and Prest, M and Psihas, F and Pugnere, D and Qian, X and Queen, J and Raaf, JL and Radeka, V and Rademacker, J and Radics, B and Raffaelli, F and Rafique, A and Raguzin, E and Rahaman, U and Rai, M and Rajagopalan, S and Rajaoalisoa, M and Rakhno, I and Rakotondravohitra, L and Ralte, L and Ramirez_Delgado, MA and Ramson, B and Rappoldi, A and Raselli, G and Ratoff, P and Ray, R and Razafinime, H and Razakamiandra, RF and Rea, EM and Real, JS and Rebel, B and Rechenmacher, R and Reichenbacher, J and Reitzner, SD and Rejeb_Sfar, H and Renner, E and Renshaw, A and Rescia, S and Resnati, F and Restrepo, Diego and Reynolds, C and Ribas, M and Riboldi, S and Riccio, C and Riccobene, G and Ricol, JS and Rigan, M and Rincón, EV and Ritchie-Yates, A and Ritter, S and Rivera, D and Rivera, R and Robert, A and Rocabado_Rocha, JL and Rochester, L and Roda, M and Rodrigues, P and Rodriguez_Alonso, MJ and Rodriguez_Rondon, J and Rosauro-Alcaraz, S and Rosier, P and Ross, D and Rossella, M and Rossi, M and Ross-Lonergan, M and Roy, N and Roy, P and Rubbia, C and Ruggeri, A and Ruiz_Ferreira, G and Russell, B and Ruterbories, D and Rybnikov, A and Sacerdoti, S and Saha, S and Sahoo, SK and Sahu, N and Sala, P and Samios, N and Samoylov, O and Sanchez, MC and Sánchez_Bravo, A and Sánchez-Castillo, A and Sanchez-Lucas, P and Sandberg, V and Sanders, DA and Sanfilippo, S and Sankey, D and Santoro, D and Saoulidou, N and Sapienza, P and Sarasty, C and Sarcevic, I and Sarra, I and Savage, G and Savinov, V and Scanavini, G and Scaramelli, A and Scarff, A and Schefke, T and Schellman, H and Schifano, S and Schlabach, P and Schmitz, D and Schneider, AW and Scholberg, K and Schukraft, A and Schuld, B and Segade, A and Segreto, E and Selyunin, A and Selyunin, A and Senadheera, D and Senise, CR and Sensenig, J and Shaevitz, MH and Shanahan, P and Sharma, P and Kumar, R and Sharma_Poudel, S and Shaw, K and Shaw, T and Shchablo, K and Shen, J and Shepherd-Themistocleous, C and Sheshukov, A and Shi, J and Shi, W and Shin, S and Shivakoti, S and Shoemaker, I and Shooltz, D and Shrock, R and Siddi, B and Siden, M and Silber, J and Simard, L and Sinclair, J and Sinev, G and Singh, Jaydip and Singh, J and Singh, L and Singh, P and Singh, V and Singh_Chauhan, S and Sipos, R and Sironneau, C and Sirri, G and Siyeon, K and Skarpaas, K and Smedley, J and Smith, E and Smith, J and Smith, P and Smolik, J and Smy, M and Snape, M and Snider, EL and Snopok, P and Snowden-Ifft, D and Soares_Nunes, M and Sobel, H and Soderberg, M and Sokolov, S and Solano_Salinas, CJ and Söldner-Rembold, S and Solomey, N and Solovov, V and Sondheim, WE and Sorel, M and Sotnikov, A and Soto-Oton, J and Sousa, A and Soustruznik, K and Spinella, F and Spitz, J and Spooner, NJC and Spurgeon, K and Stalder, D and Stancari, M and Stanco, L and Steenis, J and Stein, R and Steiner, HM and Steklain_Lisbôa, AF and Stepanova, A and Stewart, J and Stillwell, B and Stock, J and Stocker, F and Stokes, T and Strait, M and Strauss, T and Strigari, L and Stuart, A and Suarez, JG and Subash, J and Surdo, A and Suter, L and Sutera, CM and Sutton, K and Suvorov, Y and Svoboda, R and Swain, SK and Szczerbinska, B and Szelc, AM and Sztuc, A and Taffara, A and Talukdar, N and Tamara, J and Tanaka, HA and Tang, S and Taniuchi, N and Tapia_Casanova, AM and Tapia_Oregui, B and Tapper, A and Tariq, S and Tarpara, E and Tatar, E and Tayloe, R and Tedeschi, D and Teklu, AM and Tena_Vidal, J and Tennessen, P and Tenti, M and Terao, K and Terranova, F and Testera, G and Thakore, T and Thea, A and Thomas, S and Thompson, A and Thorn, C and Timm, SC and Tiras, E and Tishchenko, V and Tiwari, S and Todorović, N and Tomassetti, L and Tonazzo, A and Torbunov, D and Torti, M and Tortola, M and Tortorici, F and Tosi, N and Totani, D and Toups, M and Touramanis, C and Tran, D and Travaglini, R and Trevor, J and Triller, E and Trilov, S and Truchon, J and Truncali, D and Trzaska, WH and Tsai, Y and Tsai, Y-T and Tsamalaidze, Z and Tsang, KV and Tsverava, N and Tu, SZ and Tufanli, S and Tunnell, C and Turnberg, S and Turner, J and Tuzi, M and Tyler, J and Tyley, E and Tzanov, M and Uchida, MA and Ureña_González, J and Urheim, J and Usher, T and Utaegbulam, H and Uzunyan, S and Vagins, MR and Vahle, P and Valder, S and Valdiviesso, GA and Valencia, E and Valentim, R and Vallari, Z and Vallazza, E and Valle, JWF and Van_Berg, R and Van_de_Water, RG and Forero, DV and Vannozzi, A and Van_Nuland-Troost, M and Varanini, F and Vargas_Oliva, D and Vasina, S and Vaughan, N and Vaziri, K and Vázquez-Ramos, A and Vega, J and Ventura, S and Verdugo, A and Vergani, S and Verzocchi, M and Vetter, K and Vicenzi, M and Vieira_de_Souza, H and Vignoli, C and Vilela, C and Villa, E and Viola, S and Viren, B and Vizarreta, R and Vizcaya_Hernandez, AP and Vuong, Q and Waldron, AV and Wallbank, M and Walsh, J and Walton, T and Wang, H and Wang, J and Wang, L and Wang, MHLS and Wang, X and Wang, Y and Warburton, K and Warner, D and Warsame, L and Wascko, MO and Waters, D and Watson, A and Wawrowska, K and Weber, A and Weber, CM and Weber, M and Wei, H and Weinstein, A and Westerdale, S and Wetstein, M and Whalen, K and White, A and White, A and Whitehead, LH and Whittington, D and Wilhlemi, J and Wilking, MJ and Wilkinson, A and Wilkinson, C and Wilson, F and Wilson, RJ and Winter, P and Wisniewski, W and Wolcott, J and Wolfs, J and Wongjirad, T and Wood, A and Wood, K and Worcester, E and Worcester, M and Wospakrik, M and Wresilo, K and Wret, C and Wu, S and Wu, W and Wu, W and Wurm, M and Wyenberg, J and Xiao, Y and Xiotidis, I and Yaeggy, B and Yahlali, N and Yandel, E and Yang, J and Yang, K and Yang, T and Yankelevich, A and Yershov, N and Yonehara, K and Young, T and Yu, B and Yu, H and Yu, J and Yu, Y and Yuan, W and Zaki, R and Zalesak, J and Zambelli, L and Zamorano, B and Zani, A and Zapata, O and Zazueta, L and Zeller, GP and Zennamo, J and Zeug, K and Zhang, C and Zhang, S and Zhao, M and Zhivun, E and Zimmerman, ED and Zucchelli, S and Zuklin, J and Zutshi, V and Zwaska, R}, }
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