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1. Salinity from discrete water samples collected from the Research Vessel Sikuliaq, Gulf of Alaska to Bering Sea, 2023

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A2FX74095  

   McMonigal, K (May 2025, NSF Arctic Data Center)

   This data set includes measurements of water samples collected at hydrographic stations from the R/V Sikuliaq during the Arctic Chief Scientist Training cruise June 6–12, 2023 sponsored by the University National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) Arctic Icebreaker Coordinating Committee and the National Science Foundation. SKQ202309T was utilized as a training expedition for early-career Arctic oceanographers, focusing on skills essential for leading research cruises. Training topics centered on logistics, how to request time on ships, how to coordinate personnel and equipment, how to plan for operations and survey tasks at sea, how to work with vessel crew and staff, and how to edit research plans based on field conditions. Participants collected various data sets opportunistically throughout the research training. The cruise transited from Seward to Nome and water samples were collected at six hydrographic stations for salinity (this data set). Specifically, this data set contains conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) measurements of salinity at discrete water depths and portasal measurements of water samples from the corresponding bottles. Bottle samples were collected in 200 milliliter (mL) borosilicate bottles which were rinsed at least three times before filling. The bottles were sealed with Nalgene screw caps and stored without freezing. 

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2. Microbial community structure (DNA) and metabolic data (oxygen utilization) from Coastal Alaska during the 2023 Arctic Chief Scientist Training Cruise

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A22N4ZK6Z  

   Chamberlain, Emelia; Tucker, Sarah; Harding, Katie (April 2025, NSF Arctic Data Center)

   These data were extracted from water samples collected from R/V Sikuliaq hydrographic stations during the 2023 University National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) and Arctic Icebreaker Coordinating Committee (AICC) sponsored Arctic Chief Scientist Cruise. The primary goal of this program is to provide hands on training for early career researchers to gain skills and confidence in organizing and leading polar scientific research expeditions. The 2023 expedition (SKQ202309T; June 6–12) followed a coastal Alaska cruise track through the Aleutian Islands and across the Bering Sea. This dataset was specifically collected to provide a survey of microbial community composition and metabolic activity for this cruise transect. At eight stations, seawater microbial community composition was measured broadly using amplicon gene sequencing (16S/18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene and Synechcoccus internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region) and metagenomic sequencing (data available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information; NCBI BioProject ID PRJNA1240040). At three stations, oxygen utilization assays were additionally used to measure rates of net community production and community respiration (data provided here). 

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3. Surface nitrogen conditions associated with bottle uptake measurements during a summer 2022 Alexandrium catenella bloom in the Alaskan Arctic (NRS2022_02S)

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A2X63B71H  

   Lim, Stephanie; Payne, Courtney; Arrigo, Kevin (January 2024, NSF Arctic Data Center)

   In the rapidly changing Arctic ecosystem, the recent emergence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) threatens human and ecosystem health. There is increasing evidence that toxic dinoflagellates of the Alexandrium genus are blooming in the Pacific Arctic Ocean, in dense enough concentrations to necessitate shellfishing closures and to detect toxins in marine mammals that forge in Alaskan waters. Our understanding of the nutrient dynamics that sustain HABs in the Pacific Arctic is severely limited, particularly as these blooms tend to occur in late summer when dissolved inorganic nitrogen is drawn down and limits phytoplankton growth. Dissolved organic nitrogen could prove a critical nitrogen source for HABs in the Pacific Arctic, as it has in other regions. This dataset presents measurements taken on Leg 2 of a research cruise (NRS2022_02S) on the Research Vessel (R/V) Norseman II in Aug-Sep 2022 to characterize the nutrient usage by A. catenella. It includes the nutrients (silicate, phosophate, total dissolved nitrogen, and four dissolved nitrogen substrates), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and chlorophyll concentrations associated with the beginning of 13 incubation experiments in which we measured nitrogen uptake rates by the surface biological community. We also include the salinity and temperature measurements from CTD-mounted sensors for water collection from Niskin bottles for each incubation set up. Other associated datasets include: Leah McRaven & Robert Pickart. (2024). Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) data from the Norseman II (NRS22-1s and NRS22-2s), as part of the 2022 Origin and Fate of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Warming Chukchi Sea cruise. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2B853K56. Evangeline Fachon, Donald M Anderson, Mrunmayee Pathare, Michael Brosnahan, Eric Muhlbach, Kali Horn, Nathaniel Spada, & Anushka Rajagopalan. (2024). Alexandrium catenella planktonic cell abundance and toxicity from the Norseman II (NRS2022_01S and NRS2022_02S), as part of the 2022 Origin and Fate of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Warming Chukchi Sea cruise. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2804XM7S. Miguel Goni & Dean Stockwell. (2024). Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Bottle Data from the Norseman II cruises (NRS2022_01S and NRS2022_02S) including Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) Particulate Nitrogen (PN), Chlorophyll (Chl), Phaeophytin (Phaeo), and dissolved nutrients (Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Silicate, and Ammonium) (2022). Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2M90249T. 

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4. Discrete O2/Ar (Oxygen/Argon) and oxygen isotope data collected on a research cruise on the vessel Ocean Starr, Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas, Arctic Ocean, 2019.

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A20R9M539  

   Cynar, Haley; Juranek, Laurie; Mordy, Calvin; Strausz, David; Bell, Shaun (January 2021, NSF Arctic Data Center)

   Data were collected on Cruise identifier (ID) OS1901_L1 between August 1, 2019 and August 24, 2019 from either the surface uncontaminated seawater supply of research vessel (R/V) Ocean Starr or from Niskin-style water sample bottles attached to a conductivity-temperature-depth package maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Data were collected periodically over the cruise track which departed from Dutch Harbor, Alaska (AK) and sampled waters of the Bering and Chukchi Sea, ending in Nome, AK. This was a part of the Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Survey (Arctic IES) program. The objective of Arctic IES is to understand how reductions in Arctic sea ice and the associated changes in the physical environment influence the flow of energy through the ecosystems of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Two research expeditions in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas during late summer and early fall 2017 and 2019 were designed to address this objective. This survey takes measurements of the: 1) physical environment (temperature, salinity, nutrients); 2) seasonal composition, distribution and production of phytoplankton (plants); 3) distribution and standing stocks of zooplankton (bird, whale, and fish food); 4) assemblages, distributions, abundances, size, diet, and fitness of larval, early juvenile, and adult fishes; and 5) distribution and relative abundances of seabirds and marine mammals. The measurements here contribute to characterizing both the chemical environment and the rate of net biological oxygen production. 

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5. Dissolved O2 (Oxygen) concentration and O2/N2 (Oxygen/Nitrogen) saturation ratio in surface seawater measured in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas October-November, 2020

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A2ZK55N7K  

   Juranek, Laurie (January 2022, NSF Arctic Data Center)

   These data files contain surface dissolved O2 (Oxygen) concentration and dissolved O2/N2 (Oxygen/Nitrogen) saturation ratio for the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas with relevant accompanying ancillary information. The data are useful for understanding the balance of physical and biological controls driving surface ocean dissolved O2 concentrations and for calculating net biological community production rates. The data were collected with funding from NSF (National Science Foundation) Award 1928684 “High Resolution Observing of Arctic Net Community Productivity with Ships of Opportunity” Data were collected between October 17th, 2020 and November 16th, 2020 from the surface underway seawater supply of R/V (Research Vessel) Sikuliaq on Cruise ID (Identifier) SKQ202014S. Data were collected near-continuously using Pro-Oceanus miniTDGP (total dissolved gas pressure instrument), a SBE45 thermosalinograph, and a SBE43 dissolved O2 sensor, with occasional outages for instrument maintenance or flow disruptions. The cruise departed and returned from Seward, AK (Alaska) and sampled waters of the Bering, Chukchi and southern Beaufort Seas. 

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