Synergistic Radical Taming by Concurrent Degenerative Transfer and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Emulsion
- Award ID(s):
- 2401112
- PAR ID:
- 10598174
- Publisher / Repository:
- ACS
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Macromolecules
- Volume:
- 57
- Issue:
- 21
- ISSN:
- 0024-9297
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 10297 to 10310
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
Temporal control in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) relies on modulating the oxidation state of a copper catalyst, as polymer chains are activated by L/Cu I and deactivated by L/Cu II . (Re)generation of L/Cu I activator has been achieved by applying a multitude of external stimuli. However, switching the Cu catalyst off by oxidizing to L/Cu II through external chemical stimuli has not yet been investigated. A redox switchable ATRP was developed in which an oxidizing agent was used to oxidize L/Cu I activator to L/Cu II , thus halting the polymerization. A ferrocenium salt or oxygen were used to switch off the Cu catalyst, whereas ascorbic acid was used to switch the catalyst on by (re)generating L/Cu I . The redox switches efficiently modulated the oxidation state of the catalyst without sacrificing control over polymerization.more » « less
-
Spatial and temporal regulations of ATRP by external stimuli are presented. Various ATRP techniques, e ATRP, photoATRP, and mechanoATRP, are controlled by electrical current, light, and mechanical forces, respectively. Conversely, ARGET and SARA ATRP are controlled by chemical reducing agents. ICAR ATRP is a thermally regulated process through decomposition of a radical initiator. The aim of this review is to highlight the use of external regulations in ATRP and to summarize the state-of-the-art and future perspectives, focusing on mechanistic aspects, synthetic procedures, preparation of polymers with complex architectures and functional materials, and their applications.more » « less
An official website of the United States government

