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This content will become publicly available on May 1, 2026

Title: Dark plasmas in the nonlinear regime: Constraints from particle-in-cell simulations
If the dark sector possesses long-range self-interactions, these interactions can source dramatic collective instabilities even in astrophysical settings where the collisional mean free path is long. Here, we focus on the specific case of dark matter halos composed of a dark U ( 1 ) gauge sector undergoing a dissociative cluster merger. We study this by performing the first dedicated particle-in-cell plasma simulations of interacting dark matter streams, tracking the growth, formation, and saturation of instabilities through both the linear and nonlinear regimes. We find that these instabilities give rise to local (dark) electromagnetic inhomogeneities that serve as scattering sites, inducing an effective dynamic collisional cross section. Mapping this effective cross section onto existing results from large-scale simulations of the Bullet Cluster, we extend the limit on the dark charge-to-mass ratio by over 10 orders of magnitude. Our results serve as a simple example of the rich phenomenology that may arise in a dark sector with long-range interactions and motivate future dedicated study of such “dark plasmas.” Published by the American Physical Society2025  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2210361
PAR ID:
10598466
Author(s) / Creator(s):
;
Publisher / Repository:
American Physical Society
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Physical Review D
Volume:
111
Issue:
9
ISSN:
2470-0010
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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