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Abstract Graphite is a commonly used raw material across many industries and the demand for high‐quality graphite has been increasing in recent years, especially as a primary component for lithium‐ion batteries. However, graphite production is currently limited by production shortages, uneven geographical distribution, and significant environmental impacts incurred from conventional processing. Here, an efficient method of synthesizing biomass‐derived graphite from biochar is presented as a sustainable alternative to natural and synthetic graphite. The resulting bio‐graphite equals or exceeds quantitative quality metrics of spheroidized natural graphite, achieving a RamanID/IGratio of 0.051 and crystallite size parallel to the graphene layers (La) of 2.08 µm. This bio‐graphite is directly applied as a raw input to liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphene for the scalable production of conductive inks. The spin‐coated films from the bio‐graphene ink exhibit the highest conductivity among all biomass‐derived graphene or carbon materials, reaching 3.58 ± 0.16 × 104S m−1. Life cycle assessment demonstrates that this bio‐graphite requires less fossil fuel and produces reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to incumbent methods for natural, synthesized, and other bio‐derived graphitic materials. This work thus offers a sustainable, locally adaptable solution for producing state‐of‐the‐art graphite that is suitable for bio‐graphene and other high‐value products.
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Disproportionate impacts of building materials production facilities on neighboring communities
Abstract The construction and building materials (CBMs) production industries, such as cement, steel, and plastics that are responsible for a substantial share of global CO2emissions, face increasing pressure to decarbonize. Recent legislative initiatives like the United States (US) federal Buy Clean Initiative and the World Green Building Council’s decarbonization plan for Europe highlight the urgency to reduce emissions during CBM production stages. However, there remains a gap in addressing the localized environmental and social impacts of these industries as well as a necessary understanding of how decarbonization efforts may change local impacts. This study introduces a framework for quantifying the disproportionate impacts (Id) of 12 CBM production facility categories on communities of color and low-income demographics across the US. Using geographical and environmental data from the 2017 US National Emissions Inventory (NEI), we assess these impacts at four spatial scales: census tract, county, state, and national. Results show that across all scales, many CBM production facilities impose disproportionate impacts. The geographical disproportionate impact (IG,d) shows the greatest burdens at the broadest spatial scales, whereas the environmental disproportionate impact (IE,d) indicates highest burdens at more localized levels. Based on this spatial understanding, we provide methods that can be implemented to support community engagement and mitigate damages to populations neighboring industrial materials manufacturing. These findings offer valuable insights into the relationship between facility locations, emissions, and demographic groups, providing a basis for more targeted environmental justice policies aimed at mitigating these disproportionate impacts.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2143981
- PAR ID:
- 10608149
- Publisher / Repository:
- IOP Publishing
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability
- Volume:
- 5
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2634-4505
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 015001
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ad9d78
