More Like this

1. Probing long-range forces between neutrinos with cosmic structures

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.055019  

   Kaplan, David E; Luo, Xuheng; Rajendran, Surjeet (March 2025, Physical Review D)

   We study the consequences of new long-range forces between neutrinos on cosmic scales. If these forces are a few orders of magnitude stronger than gravity, they can induce perturbation instability in the nonrelativistic cosmic neutrino background in the late time universe. As a result, the cosmic neutrino background may form nonlinear bound states instead of free-streaming. The implications of the formation of nonlinear neutrino bound states include enhancing matter perturbations and triggering star formation. Based on existing measurements of the matter power spectrum and reionization history, we place new constraints on long-range forces between neutrinos with ranges lying in $1\mathrm{kpc}\lesssim m_{\varphi }^{-1}\lesssim 10\mathrm{Mpc}$. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

   more » « less
2. Bayesian Search of Massive Scalar Fields from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Binaries

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.191402  

   Xie, Yiqi; Chung, Adrian Ka-Wai; Sotiriou, Thomas P; Yunes, Nicolás (May 2025, Physical Review Letters)

   Massive scalar fields are promising candidates for addressing many unresolved problems in fundamental physics. We report the first model-agnostic Bayesian search of massive scalar fields that are nonminimally coupled to gravity in LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA gravitational-wave data. We find no evidence for such fields and place the most stringent upper limits on their coupling for scalar masses $\lesssim 2\times {10}^{-12}\mathrm{eV}$. We exemplify the strength of these bounds by applying them to massive scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, finding the tightest constraints on the coupling constant to date, $\sqrt{{\alpha }_{\mathrm{GB}}}\lesssim 1\mathrm{km}$for scalar masses $\lesssim {10}^{-13}\mathrm{eV}$to 90% credible level. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

   more » « less
3. Search for Highly Ionizing Particles in $pp$ Collisions during LHC Run 2 Using the Full MoEDAL Detector

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.071802  

   Acharya, B; Alexandre, J; Benes, P; Bergmann, B; Bertolucci, S; Bevan, A; Brancaccio, R; Branzas, H; Burian, P; Campbell, M; et al (February 2025, Physical Review Letters)

   This search for magnetic monopoles (MMs) and high electric charge objects (HECOs) with spins 0, $1/2$, and 1, uses for the first time the full MoEDAL detector, exposed to $6.46{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. The results are interpreted in terms of Drell-Yan and photon-fusion pair production. Mass limits on direct production of MMs of up to 10 Dirac magnetic charges and HECOs with electric charge in the range $10e$to $400e$, were achieved. The charge limits placed on MM and HECO production are currently the strongest in the world. MoEDAL is the only LHC experiment capable of being directly calibrated for highly ionizing particles using heavy ions and with a detector system dedicated to definitively measuring magnetic charge. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

   more » « less
4. Stochastic ultralight dark matter fluctuations in pulsar timing arrays

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.055017  

   Kim, Hyungjin; Mitridate, Andrea (March 2024, Physical Review D)

   Metric perturbations induced by ultralight dark matter (ULDM) fields have long been identified as a potential target for pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. Previous works have focused on the coherent oscillation of metric perturbations at the characteristic frequency set by the ULDM mass. In this work, we show that ULDM fields source low-frequency stochastic metric fluctuations and that these low-frequency fluctuations can produce distinctive detectable signals in PTA data. Using the NANOGrav 12.5-yr dataset and synthetic datasets mimicking present and future PTA capabilities, we show that the current and future PTA observations provide the strongest probe of ULDM density within the Solar System for masses in the range of ${10}^{-18}\mathrm{eV}-{10}^{-16}\mathrm{eV}$. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

   more » « less
5. Fully ab-initio all-electron calculation of dark matter-electron scattering in crystals with evaluation of systematic uncertainties

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.115008  

   Dreyer, Cyrus E; Essig, Rouven; Fernandez-Serra, Marivi; Singal, Aman; Zhen, Cheng (June 2024, Physical Review D)

   We calculate target-material responses for dark matter–electron scattering at the all-electron level using atom-centered Gaussian basis sets. The all-electron effects enhance the material response at high momentum transfers from dark matter to electrons, $q\gtrsim \mathcal{O}\left(10\alpha m_e\right)$, compared to calculations using conventional plane wave methods, including those used in ; this enhances the expected event rates at energy transfers $E\gtrsim 10\mathrm{eV}$, especially when scattering through heavy mediators. We carefully test a range of systematic uncertainties in the theory calculation, including those arising from the choice of basis set, exchange-correlation functional, number of unit cells in the Bloch sum, $\mathbf{k}$-mesh, and neglect of scatters with very high momentum transfers. We provide state-of-the-art crystal form factors, focusing on silicon and germanium. Our code and results are made publicly available as a new tool, called (“”). Published by the American Physical Society2024 

   more » « less