An official website of the United States government
To implement sustainable water resource management, the industries that produce a huge amount of wastewater are aiming to recycle wastewater. Reverse osmosis (RO) is an advanced membrane process that can produce potable water from wastewater. However, the presence of diverse pollutants in the wastewater necessitates effective pretreatment to ensure successful RO implementation. This study evaluated the efficiency of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) as two pretreatment methods prior to RO, i.e., MF-RO and UF-RO, for recycling poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSWW). The direct treatment of PSWW with RO (direct RO) was also considered for comparison. In this study, membrane technology serves as a post treatment for PSWW, which was conventionally treated at Sanderson Farm. The results demonstrated that all of the processes, including MF-RO, UF-RO, and direct RO treatment of PSWW, rejected 100% of total phosphorus (TP), over 91.2% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 87% of total solids (TSs). Total nitrogen (TN) levels were reduced to 5 mg/L for MF-RO, 4 mg/L for UF-RO, and 9 mg/L for direct RO. In addition, the pretreatment of PSWW with MF and UF increased RO flux from 46.8 L/m2 h to 51 L/m2 h, an increase of approximately 9%. The product water obtained after MF-RO, UF-RO, and direct RO meets the required potable water quality standards for recycling PSWW in the poultry industry. A cost analysis demonstrated that MF-RO was the most economical option among membrane processes, primarily due to MF operating at a lower pressure and having a high water recovery ratio. In contrast, the cost of using RO without MF and UF pretreatments was approximately 2.6 times higher because of cleaning and maintenance expenses related to fouling. This study concluded that MF-RO is a preferable option for recycling PSWW. This pretreatment method would significantly contribute to environmental sustainability by reusing well-treated PSWW for industrial poultry purposes while maintaining cost efficiency.
more »
« less
This content will become publicly available on November 8, 2025
Finite-dimensional approximations of certain amalgamated free products of groups
A group is called matricial field (MF) if it admits finite-dimensional approximate unitary representations which are approximately faithful and approximately contained in the left regular representation. This paper provides a new class of MF groups by showing that given two amenable groups with a common normal subgroup, the amalgamated free product is MF.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 2000129
- PAR ID:
- 10612171
- Publisher / Repository:
- European Mathematical Society
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Groups, Geometry, and Dynamics
- ISSN:
- 1661-7207
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Abstract Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are cancers involving dysregulated production and function of myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells. Among MPNs, Essential thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Myelofibrosis (MF), are driven by mutations that activate the JAK–STAT signalling pathway. Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized lectin chaperone, are driver mutations in approximately 25% of ET and 35% of MF patients. The MPN‐linked mutant CRT proteins have novel frameshifted carboxy‐domain sequences and lack an ER retention motif, resulting in their secretion. Wild type CRT is a regulator of ER calcium homeostasis and plays a key role in the assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are the ligands for antigen receptors of CD8+T cells. Mutant CRT‐linked oncogenesis results from the dysregulation of calcium signalling in cells and the formation of stable complexes of mutant CRT with myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) protein, followed by downstream activation of the JAK–STAT signalling pathway. The intricate participation of CRT in ER protein folding, calcium homeostasis and immunity suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms of mutant CRT‐linked oncogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent findings related to the role of MPN‐linked CRT mutations in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, MPL activation and immunity.more » « less
-
Preparing long-range entangled states poses significant challenges for near-term quantum devices. It is known that measurement and feedback (MF) can aid this task by allowing the preparation of certain paradigmatic long-range entangled states with only constant circuit depth. Here, we systematically explore the structure of states that can be prepared using constant-depth local circuits and a single MF round. Using the framework of tensor networks, the preparability under MF translates to tensor symmetries. We detail the structure of matrix-product states (MPSs) and projected entangled-pair states (PEPSs) that can be prepared using MF, revealing the coexistence of Clifford-like properties and magic. In one dimension, we show that states with Abelian-symmetry-protected topological order are a restricted class of MF-preparable states. In two dimensions, we parametrize a subset of states with Abelian topological order that are MF preparable. Finally, we discuss the analogous implementation of operators via MF, providing a structural theorem that connects to the well-known Clifford teleportation. Published by the American Physical Society2024more » « less
-
Abstract By using surface brightness maps of Tycho’s supernova remnant (SNR) in radio and X-rays, along with the properties of thermal and synchrotron emission, we have derived the postshock density and magnetic field (MF) strength distributions over the projection of this remnant. Our analysis reveals a density gradient oriented toward the northwest, while the MF strength gradient aligns with the Galactic plane, pointing eastward. Additionally, utilizing this MF map, we have derived the spatial distributions of the cutoff frequency and maximum energy of electrons in Tycho’s SNR. We further comment on the implications of these findings for interpreting the gamma-ray emission from Tycho’s SNR.more » « less
-
null (Ed.)Poultry slaughterhouses produce a large amount of wastewater, which is usually treated by conventional methods. The traditional techniques face some challenges, especially the incapability of recovering valuable nutrients and reusing the treated water. Therefore, membrane technology has been widely adopted by researchers due to its enormous advantages over conventional methods. Pressure-driven membranes, such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO), have been studied to purify poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSWW) as a standalone process or an integrated process with other procedures. Membrane technology showed excellent performance by providing high efficiency for pollutant removal and the recovery of water and valuable products. It may remove approximately all the pollutants from PSWW and purify the water to the required level for discharge to the environment and even reuse for industrial poultry processing purposes while being economically efficient. This article comprehensively reviews the treatment and reuse of PSWW with MF, UF, NF, and RO. Most valuable nutrients can be recovered by UF, and high-quality water for reuse in poultry processing can be produced by RO from PSWW. The incredible performance of membrane technology indicates that membrane technology is an alternative approach for treating PSWW.more » « less
