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   https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4061836  

   Stevenson, Graham; Morris, Eloise (January 2022, SSRN Electronic Journal)

   New technologies and the resulting changes to regulatory approaches have led to an explosion in the complexity and crowding of radio spectrum. This rapidly evolving landscape has led to the increased importance of two fields: interference management and dynamic spectrum sharing. However, the progress of both areas is hampered by the lack of shared vocabularies, which, if developed, could help to streamline communication between relevant parties in government, industry, and academia. This paper first presents a taxonomy to aid in the description of key spectrum sharing concepts and architectures to achieve a similar goal. Next, it defines a hierarchical taxonomy of physical-layer interference as an educational and practical tool for detection, identification, location, reporting, mitigation, and remediation of interference. Finally, the use of these two taxonomies is demonstrated through the application of the classification systems to spectrum sharing regimes and prominent case studies. 

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2. Market Models of Spectrum Attacks with Shared Spectrum

   https://doi.org/10.23919/WiOpt58741.2023.10349864  

   Xie, Zongyun; Berry, Randall A. (August 2023, IEEE)

   Security is a critical concern in shared spectrum environments. In additional to degrading service, attacks can influence the market interactions between competing service providers (SPs). This paper investigates these interactions by considering two SPs engaged in Cournot competition while utilizing both proprietary and shared spectrum, with shared spectrum available in either licensed or open-access forms. Additionally, we assume the presence of an attacker whose objective is to deny service to one or more of the shared bands for a fraction of the time, consequently reducing the overall total revenue. We analyze the optimal forms of attacks under different attacker objectives and their repercussions on the resulting market equilibrium. Utilizing these analyses, we compare the impacts of various spectrum sharing approaches (licensed and open access) and differing amounts of spectrum holdings of the two providers. 

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3. Digital Spectrum Twinning for Next-Generation Spectrum Management and Metering

   https://doi.org/10.1109/DTPI55838.2022.9998981  

   Durgin, Gregory D.; Varner, Michael A.; Patwari, Neal; Kasera, Sneha K.; Van der Merwe, Jacobus (October 2022, Proc. of the IEEE Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence 2022 Conference)
4. Unassigned Spectrum: An Institutional Analysis of Radio Spectrum Management

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   Bustamante, Pedro; Gomez, Marcela; Krishnamurthy, Prashant; Lehr, William; Murtazashvili, Ilia; Palida, Ali; Weiss, Martin_B H (January 2023, SSRN Electronic Journal)
5. A spectrum of type soundness and performance

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3236766  

   Greenman, Ben; Felleisen, Matthias (July 2018, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages)