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Abstract Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are highly attractive for large‐scale energy storage because of their nonflammability, low cost, and sustainability. (2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) derivatives, a class of redox active molecules bearing air‐stable free nitroxyl radicals and high redox potential (>0.8 V vs NHE), has been identified as promising catholytes for AORFBs. However, reported TEMPO based molecules are either permeable through ion exchange membranes or not chemically stable enough for long‐term energy storage. Herein, a new TEMPO derivative functionalized with a dual‐ammonium dicationic group,N1, N1, N1, N3, N3, 2, 2, 6, 6‐nonamethyl‐N3‐(piperidinyloxy)propane‐1,3‐bis(ammonium) dichloride (N2‐TEMPO) as a stable, low permeable catholyte for AORFBs is reported. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopic studies reveal its exceptional stability and ultra‐low permeability (1.49 × 10−12 cm2 s−1). Coupled with 1,1′‐bis[3‐(trimethylammonio)propyl]‐4,4′‐bipyridinium tetrachloride ((NPr)2V) as an anolyte, a 1.35 VN2‐TEMPO/(NPr)2V AORFB with 0.5 melectrolytes (9.05 Wh L−1) delivers a high power density of 114 mW cm−2and 100% capacity retention for 400 cycles at 60 mA cm−2. At 1.0 melectrolyte concentrations, theN2‐TEMPO/(NPr)2V AORFB achieves an energy density of 18.1 Wh L−1and capacity retention of 90% for 400 cycles at 60 mA cm−2.
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This content will become publicly available on February 26, 2026
Metal–ligand cooperativity enables zero-valent metal transfer
Group 13 aminoxy complexes, (L)E(TEMPO)3(TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl; L = THF (tetrahydrofuran) or Py (pyridine); E = Al, Ga, In), display ambiphilic reactivity with H2and function as synthons for the preparation of materials.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2153972
- PAR ID:
- 10628051
- Publisher / Repository:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Chemical Science
- Volume:
- 16
- Issue:
- 9
- ISSN:
- 2041-6520
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 3888 to 3894
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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