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Abstract Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located at the intersection of the Cobb hot spot and the Juan de Fuca Ridge (45°57′N, 130°01′W). Bottom pressure recorders captured co‐eruption subsidence of 2.4–3.2 m in 1998, 2011, and 2015, and campaign‐style pressure surveys every 1–2 years have provided a long‐term time series of inter‐eruption re‐inflation. The 2015 eruption occurred shortly after the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Cabled Array came online providing real‐time seismic and deformation observations for the first time. Nooner and Chadwick (2016,https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4666) used the available vertical deformation data to model the 2015 eruption deformation source as a steeply dipping prolate‐spheroid, approximating a high‐melt zone or conduit beneath the eastern caldera wall. More recently, Levy et al. (2018,https://doi.org/10.1130/G39978.1) used OOI seismic data to estimate dip‐slip motion along a pair of outward‐dipping caldera ring faults. This fault motion complicates the deformation field by contributing up to several centimeters of vertical seafloor motion. In this study, fault‐induced surface deformation was calculated from the slip estimates of Levy et al. (2018,https://doi.org/10.1130/G39978.1) then removed from vertical deformation data prior to model inversions. Removing fault motion resulted in an improved model fit with a new best‐fitting deformation source located 2.11 km S64°W of the source of Nooner and Chadwick (2016,https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4666) with similar geometry. This result shows that ring fault motion can have a significant impact on surface deformation, and future modeling efforts need to consider the contribution of fault motion when estimating the location and geometry of subsurface magma movement at Axial Seamount.
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This content will become publicly available on June 1, 2026
3D Reconstruction of Complex Fault Systems From Volumetric Geodynamic Shear Zones Using Medial Axis Transform
Abstract Reconstructing fault surfaces from volumetric data is a longstanding challenge in geosciences. We present a novel 3D method based on the medial axis to transform a volumetric strain‐rate invariant field from long‐term geodynamic simulations into fault surfaces. In these geodynamic models, faults correspond to regions of locally high values of the second invariant of the strain‐rate commonly referred to as shear zones. The proposed workflow begins by normalizing the strain‐rate to define fault indicator field . An iso‐surface of a chosen value is then extracted to form an envelope around the shear zones. Using the shrinking ball algorithm (Ma et al., 2012,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371‐011‐0594‐7), we compute the medial axis of this 3D envelope to generate a point cloud representing the geometric skeleton of the shear zones. We reconstruct fault surfaces by applying Delaunay triangulation followed by Laplacian smoothing. For models involving multiple intersecting faults, we perform a local principal component analysis (PCA) of the coordinates defining the medial axis and use the resulting eigenvectors to detect first‐order orientation variations, enabling the separation and individualization of faults. We demonstrate the generality and robustness of the method by applying it several diverse 3D geodynamic scenarios: A single strike‐slip fault, a branching strike‐slip fault in a restraining bend, a dense strike‐slip fault network, a rift system, and a subduction zone with a megathrust and a conjugate thrust fault.
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- PAR ID:
- 10632622
- Publisher / Repository:
- AGU
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
- Volume:
- 26
- Issue:
- 6
- ISSN:
- 1525-2027
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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