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1. Telephone health survey estimates: Effects of nonresponse and sample limitations

   https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13110  

   Fowler, Jr, Floyd J.; Brenner, Philip S.; Buskirk, Trent D.; Roman, Anthony (January 2019, Health Services Research)

   ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess nonresponse error in telephone health survey data based on an address‐based sample. Data SourcesTelephone and in‐person interviews in Greater Boston. Study Design/Data CollectionInterviewers attempted telephone interviews at addresses that were matched to telephone numbers using questions drawn from federal health surveys. In‐person household interviews were carried out with telephone nonrespondents and at addresses without matching telephone numbers. Principal FindingsAfter adjusting for demographic differences, only eight of 15 estimates based on the telephone interviews lay within two standard errors of the estimates when data from all three groups were included. ConclusionsFor health surveys of address‐based samples, many estimates based on telephone respondents differ from the total population in ways that cannot be corrected with simple demographic adjustments. 

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2. Under pressure: design and validation of a pressure-sensitive insole for ankle plantar flexion biofeedback during neuromuscular gait training

   https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01119-y  

   Conner, Benjamin C.; Fang, Ying; Lerner, Zachary F. (December 2022, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation)

   Abstract BackgroundElectromyography (EMG)-based audiovisual biofeedback systems, developed and tested in research settings to train neuromuscular control in patient populations such as cerebral palsy (CP), have inherent implementation obstacles that may limit their translation to clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to design and validate an alternative, plantar pressure-based biofeedback system for improving ankle plantar flexor recruitment during walking in individuals with CP. MethodsEight individuals with CP (11–18 years old) were recruited to test both an EMG-based and a plantar pressure-based biofeedback system while walking. Ankle plantar flexor muscle recruitment, co-contraction at the ankle, and lower limb kinematics were compared between the two systems and relative to baseline walking. ResultsRelative to baseline walking, both biofeedback systems yielded significant increases in mean soleus (43–58%, p < 0.05), and mean (68–70%, p < 0.05) and peak (71–82%, p < 0.05) medial gastrocnemius activation, with no differences between the two systems and strong relationships for all primary outcome variables (R = 0.89–0.94). Ankle co-contraction significantly increased relative to baseline only with the EMG-based system (52%, p = 0.03). ConclusionThese findings support future research on functional training with this simple, low-cost biofeedback modality. 

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3. Conceptualizing Indigenous strengths-based health and wellness research using group concept mapping

   https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01066-7  

   O’Keefe, Victoria M; Maudrie, Tara L; Cole, Ashley B; Ullrich, Jessica S; Fish, Jillian; Hill, Kyle X; White, Lauren A; Redvers, Nicole; Jernigan, Valarie_Blue Bird; Lewis, Jordan P; et al (December 2023, Archives of Public Health)

   Abstract BackgroundIn recent years public health research has shifted to more strengths or asset-based approaches to health research but there is little understanding of what this concept means to Indigenous researchers. Therefore our purpose was to define an Indigenous strengths-based approach to health and well-being research. MethodsUsing Group Concept Mapping, Indigenous health researchers (N = 27) participated in three-phases. Phase 1: Participants provided 218 unique responses to the focus prompt “Indigenous Strengths-Based Health and Wellness Research…” Redundancies and irrelevant statements were removed using content analysis, resulting in a final set of 94 statements. Phase 2: Participants sorted statements into groupings and named these groupings. Participants rated each statement based on importance using a 4-point scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to create clusters based on how statements were grouped by participants. Phase 3: Two virtual meetings were held to share and invite researchers to collaboratively interpret results. ResultsA six-cluster map representing the meaning of Indigenous strengths-based health and wellness research was created. Results of mean rating analysis showed all six clusters were rated on average as moderately important. ConclusionsThe definition of Indigenous strengths-based health research, created through collaboration with leading AI/AN health researchers, centers Indigenous knowledges and cultures while shifting the research narrative from one of illness to one of flourishing and relationality. This framework offers actionable steps to researchers, public health practitioners, funders, and institutions to promote relational, strengths-based research that has the potential to promote Indigenous health and wellness at individual, family, community, and population levels. 

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4. Planning for the future: Grasslands, herbivores, and nature‐based solutions

   https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14323  

   Borer, Elizabeth T; Risch, Anita C (November 2024, Journal of Ecology)

   Abstract Global interest and investment in nature‐based solutions (NbS) are rapidly increasing because of the potential of this approach to concurrently counter biodiversity loss, provide cost‐effective measures for climate change adaptations, and maintain natural processes that underpin human health and wellbeing.Recognition is growing that grasslands in many regions will protect carbon stores more effectively than forests in the warmer, drier, more fire‐prone conditions of the future while also serving as hotspots for biodiversity. Yet grasslands have received less attention for their NbS potential. Despite the wide‐ranging goals of this approach, many investments in nature‐based solutions also have focused narrowly on using plants to meet climate pledges, often without considering plant interactions with herbivores and the abiotic environment that jointly control ecosystem functioning and underpin the success of nature‐based solutions.Here, we review the roles that large and small vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores play in the ability of the world's grasslands to provide nature‐based solutions, with a focus on wild herbivore impacts on biodiversity and carbon storage.Synthesis. Planning for nature‐based solutions with a holistic, ecologically informed view that includes the role of herbivores and their interaction with plants and the environment will allow NbS investments to more likely achieve successful, sustainable outcomes. 

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5. P-PIM: A Parallel Processing-in-DRAM Framework Enabling Row Hammer Protection

   https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137204  

   Zhou, Ranyang; Tabrizchi, Sepehr; Morsali, Mehrdad; Roohi, Arman; Angizi, Shaahin (April 2023, 2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference (DATE 2023))

   In this work, we propose a Parallel Processing-In-DRAM architecture named P-PIM leveraging the high density of DRAM to enable fast and flexible computation. P-PIM enables bulk bit-wise in-DRAM logic between operands in the same bit-line by elevating the analog operation of the memory sub-array based on a novel dual-row activation mechanism. With this, P-PIM can opportunistically perform a complete and inexpensive in-DRAM RowHammer (RH) self-tracking and mitigation technique to protect the memory unit against such a challenging security vulnerability. Our results show that P-PIM achieves ~72% higher energy efficiency than the fastest charge-sharing-based designs. As for the RH protection, with a worst-case slowdown of ~0.8%, P-PIM archives up to 71% energy-saving over the SRAM/CAM-based frameworks and about 90% saving over DRAM-based frameworks. 

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