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1. Automated Assessment System with Cross Reality for Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation Training

   https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW50115.2020.00220  

   Zhao, Shang; Li, Wei; Zhang, Xiaoke; Xiao, Xiao; Meng, Yan; Philbeck, John; Younes, Naji; Alahmadi, Rehab; Soghier, Lamia; Hahn, James (March 2020, 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW))

   null (Ed.)

   The use of augmented reality (AR) with drones in infrastructure inspection can increase human capabilities by helping workers access hard-to-reach areas and supplementing their field of view with useful information. Still unknown though is how these aids impact performance when they are imperfect. A total of 28 participants flew as an autonomous drone while completing a target detection task around a simulated bridge. Results indicated significant differences between cued and un-cued trials but not between the four cue types: none, bounding box, corner-bound box, and outline. Differences in trust amongst the four cues indicate that participants may trust some cue styles more than others. 

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2. Augmented Reality for Infrastructure Inspection with Semi-autonomous Aerial Systems: An Examination of User Performance, Workload, and System Trust

   https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW50115.2020.00222  

   Dam, Jared Van; Krasner, Alexander; Gabbard, Joseph L. (March 2020, IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW))

   The use of augmented reality (AR) with drones in infrastructure inspection can increase human capabilities by helping workers access hard-to-reach areas and supplementing their field of view with useful information. Still unknown though is how these aids impact performance when they are imperfect. A total of 28 participants flew as an autonomous drone while completing a target detection task around a simulated bridge. Results indicated significant differences between cued and un-cued trials but not between the four cue types: none, bounding box, corner-bound box, and outline. Differences in trust amongst the four cues indicate that participants may trust some cue styles more than others. 

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3. Influencing Photo Sharing Decisions on Social Media: A Case of Paradoxical Findings

   https://doi.org/10.1109/SP40000.2020.00006  

   Amon, Mary Jean; Hasan, Rakibul; Hugenberg, Kurt; Bertenthal, Bennett I.; Kapadia, Apu (May 2020, Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy (IEEE S&P/Oakland '20))

   We investigate the effects of perspective taking, privacy cues, and portrayal of photo subjects (i.e., photo valence) on decisions to share photos of people via social media. In an online experiment we queried 379 participants about 98 photos (that were previously rated for photo valence) in three conditions: (1) Baseline: participants judged their likelihood of sharing each photo; (2) Perspective-taking: participants judged their likelihood of sharing each photo when cued to imagine they are the person in the photo; and (3) Privacy: participants judged their likelihood to share after being cued to consider the privacy of the person in the photo. While participants across conditions indicated a lower likelihood of sharing photos that portrayed people negatively, they – surprisingly – reported a higher likelihood of sharing photos when primed to consider the privacy of the person in the photo. Frequent photo sharers on real-world social media platforms and people without strong personal privacy preferences were especially likely to want to share photos in the experiment, regardless of how the photo portrayed the subject. A follow-up study with 100 participants explaining their responses revealed that the Privacy condition led to a lack of concern with others’ privacy. These findings suggest that developing interventions for reducing photo sharing and protecting the privacy of others is a multivariate problem in which seemingly obvious solutions can sometimes go awry. 

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4. Walking the Walk toward Increasing Access and Reducing Emissions: The Promise and Challenges of Virtual Climate Adaptation Convenings

   https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912586  

   Merritt, Eileen G.; Brousseau, Jennifer J.; Stern, Marc J.; Hansen, Lara J. (October 2022, Sustainability)

   Joint professional and stakeholder meetings to share local, regional and national responses to the current and projected effects of climate change have become regular, recurring events over the past decade. These “climate adaptation convenings” generally include presentations, discussions, and social learning about how to effectively respond to climate-related impacts. Many of these convenings shifted to virtual formats during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a study to understand how four virtual convenings in the United States compare with otherwise similar in-person events. Through surveys with attendees of four virtual climate adaptation convenings, we explored how attendees’ outcomes differed between conference formats and captured their perceptions of virtual vs. in-person events. Overall, 71% of attendees indicated that they were more likely or equally likely to attend future convenings online, and 62% reported that knowledge gain was about the same or better online than in-person. Many respondents appreciated the accessibility and more inclusive participation at virtual convenings, as well as the environmental benefits and reduced costs. However, interpersonal interactions were inferior in virtual formats, and some attendees experienced difficulties with technology and screen fatigue. Respondents shared suggestions for addressing these challenges. Altogether, findings suggest that virtual convenings have high potential if greater attention is paid to these elements. 

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5. MIA: Motivational Interviewing Agent for Improving Conversational Skills in Remote Group Discussions

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3492864  

   Samrose, Samiha; Hoque, Ehsan (January 2022, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction)

   Since online discussion platforms can limit the perception of social cues, effective collaboration over videochat requires additional attention to conversational skills. However, self-affirmation and defensive bias theories indicate that feedback may appear confrontational, especially when users are not motivated to incorporate them. We develop a feedback chatbot that employs Motivational Interviewing (MI), a directive counseling method that encourages commitment to behavior change, with the end goal of improving the user's conversational skills. We conduct a within-subject study with 21 participants in 8 teams to evaluate our MI-agent 'MIA' and a non-MI-agent 'Roboto'. After interacting with an agent, participants are tasked with conversing over videochat to evaluate candidate résumés for a job circular. Our quantitative evaluation shows that the MI-agent effectively motivates users, improves their conversational skills, and is likable. Through a qualitative lens, we present the strategies and the cautions needed to fulfill individual and team goals during group discussions. Our findings reveal the potential of the MI technique to improve collaboration and provide examples of conversational tactics important for optimal discussion outcomes. 

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