skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


This content will become publicly available on February 3, 2026

Title: Low‐Dimensional Lead‐Free Metal Halides for Efficient Electrically Driven Light‐Emitting Diodes
Abstract Electrically driven light‐emitting diodes (ED LEDs) based on 3D metal halide perovskites have seen remarkable advancements during the past decade. However, the highest‐performing devices are largely based on lead‐containing 3D perovskites, presenting two key challenges – toxicity and stability – that must be addressed for commercialization. Reducing structural dimensionality and incorporating non‐lead metals present promising pathways to address these issues. Although research on ED LEDs based on low‐dimensional, lead‐free metal halides (LD LFMHs) is growing, their performance still significantly lags behind that of 3D lead halide perovskites. This review seeks to deliver a comprehensive overview of ED LEDs based on LD LFMHs, covering a brief history of their development, methods for material synthesis, luminescence mechanisms, and applications in electroluminescent devices. It also examines current challenges and proposes practical strategies to enhance device performance, with the goal of inspiring further progress in the field.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2210902
PAR ID:
10654990
Author(s) / Creator(s):
 ;  ;  ;  ;  
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley-VCH GmbH
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Volume:
64
Issue:
6
ISSN:
1433-7851
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. (, SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers)
    Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have wide applications from fullcolor displays to solid‐state lighting. Numerous types of luminescent materials have been explored for LEDs, ranging from inorganic semiconductors to metal complexes and quantum dots. Despite the rapid pace of development, LEDs have not achieved their full potentials in terms of performance and cost efficiency. Identifying new eco‐friendly materials for LEDs is of great interest. Recently, metal halide perovskites and perovskite‐related hybrid materials have emerged as new generation luminescent materials with unique optoelectronic properties. Here, some of our recent development of LEDs based on metal halide perovskites and perovskite‐related materials will be discussed. 
    more » « less
  2. ; ; ; ; (, Small Science)
    Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as new‐generation highly efficient narrow‐band luminescent materials with applications in various optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaics (PVs), light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and scintillators. Since the demonstration of efficient room‐temperature electroluminescence from MHPs in 2014, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development and study of light‐emitting MHP materials and devices. While the device efficiencies of MHP LEDs (PeLEDs) have significantly improved over a short period of time, their overall performance has not reached the levels of mature technologies yet, such as organic LEDs (OLEDs) and quantum dot LEDs (QDLEDs), to enable practical applications. Many issues and challenges, including low operational stability, lack of efficient blue PeLEDs, and toxicity of MHPs, remain to be addressed. Herein, some of the most exciting progress achieved in the development of efficient and stable PeLEDs during the last few years are introduced, the main issues and challenges in the field are discussed, and the prospects on addressing these issues and challenges are provided. With continuous effort, the potential of PeLEDs to become a commercially available LED technology for display and lighting applications in the future looks optimistic. 
    more » « less
  3. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Advanced Materials)
    Abstract Metal halide perovskites and perovskite‐related organic metal halide hybrids (OMHHs) have recently emerged as a new class of luminescent materials for light emitting diodes (LEDs), owing to their unique and remarkable properties, including near‐unity photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, highly tunable emission colors, and low temperature solution processing. While substantial progress has been made in developing monochromatic LEDs with electroluminescence across blue, green, red, and near‐infrared regions, achieving highly efficient and stable white electroluminescence from a single LED remains a challenging and under‐explored area. Here, a facile approach to generating white electroluminescence is reported by combining narrow sky‐blue emission from metal halide perovskites and broadband orange/red emission from zero‐dimensional (0D) OMHHs. For the proof of concept, utilizing TPPcarz+passivated two‐dimensional (2D) CsPbBr3nanoplatelets (NPLs) as sky blue emitter and 0D TPPcarzSbBr4as orange/red emitter (TPPcarz+= triphenyl (9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl) phosphonium), white LEDs (WLEDs) with a solution processed bilayer structure have been fabricated to exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.8% and luminance of 1507 cd m−2at the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.32, 0.35). This work opens a new pathway for creating highly efficient and stable WLEDs using metal halide perovskites and related materials. 
    more » « less
  4. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Solar RRL)
    Photovoltaic cells based on metal‐halide perovskites have exceeded the performance of other thin film technologies and rival the performance of devices based on archetypical silicon. Attractively, the perovskite active layer can be processed via a variety of solution‐ and vapor‐based methods. Herein, emphasis is on the use of vapor transport codeposition (VTD) to process efficient n–i–p photovoltaic cells based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). VTD utilizes a hot‐walled reactor operated under moderate vacuum in the range of 0.5–10 Torr. The organic and metal‐halide precursors are heated with the resulting vapor transported by a N2carrier gas to a cooled substrate where they condense and react to form a perovskite film. The efficiency of photovoltaic devices based on VTD‐processed MAPbI3is found to be highest in films with excess lead iodide content, with champion devices realizing exceeding 12%. 
    more » « less
  5. ; ; ; ; ; (, Advanced Materials)
    Abstract Layered halide perovskites have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and great promises in light‐emitting applications. Achieving high‐performance perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) requires a deep understanding of exciton dynamics in these materials. This review begins with a fundamental overview of the structural and photophysical properties of layered halide perovskites, then delves into the importance of dimensionality control and cascade energy transfer in quasi‐2D PeLEDs. In the second half of the review, more complex exciton dynamics, such as multiexciton processes and triplet exciton dynamics, from the perspective of LEDs are explored. Through this comprehensive review, an in‐depth understanding of the critical aspects of exciton dynamics in layered halide perovskites and their impacts on future research and technological advancements for layered halide PeLEDs is provided. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email