Molecular Ag(II) complexes are superoxidizing photoredox catalysts capable of generating radicals from redox-reticent substrates. In this work, we exploited the electrophilicity of Ag(II) centers in [Ag(bpy)2(TFA)][OTf] and Ag(bpy)(TFA)2(bpy, 2,2′-bipyridine; OTf, CF3SO3–) complexes to activate trifluoroacetate (TFA) by visible light–induced homolysis. The resulting trifluoromethyl radicals may react with a variety of arenes to forge C(sp2)–CF3bonds. This methodology is general and extends to other perfluoroalkyl carboxylates of higher chain length (RFCO2–; RF, CF2CF3or CF2CF2CF3). The photoredox reaction may be rendered electrophotocatalytic by regenerating the Ag(II) complexes electrochemically during irradiation. Electrophotocatalytic perfluoroalkylation of arenes at turnover numbers exceeding 20 was accomplished by photoexciting the Ag(II)–TFA ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) state, followed by electrochemical reoxidation of the Ag(I) photoproduct back to the Ag(II) photoreactant.
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Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer of Ag(II) CF 2 X Carboxylates: Quantum Yield and Electrophotocatalytic Arene Fluoroalkylation Tuned by X
Abstract Incorporation of CF2X groups beyond CF3into arene scaffolds is underdeveloped despite these groups’ utility as halogen‐bond donors and as precursors to bioisosteres. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and comparative photochemistry of a suite of [Ag(II)(bpy)2O2CCF2X]+and Ag(II)(bpy)(O2CCF2X)2(bpy = 2,2´‐bipyridine, X = F, CF3, Cl, Br, H, CH3) carboxylate complexes. We find a dramatic effect of the X substituent on the efficiency of generating CF2X radicals by ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT), with Ag(II) photoreduction rates varying by over an order of magnitude and quantum yields spanning over 20%. We provide insight into how electronic and structural perturbations of the Ag(II)–O2CCF2X core are manifested in the LMCT quantum efficiency. With this information in hand, Ag(II)‐mediated electrophotocatalytic CF2X functionalization is carried out on a range of (hetero)arenes. This work expands the nascent field of Ag(II)‐based photocatalysis by allowing for (hetero)aryl–CF2X functionalization directly from unactivated fluoroalkyl carboxylate precursors.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2216066
- PAR ID:
- 10659177
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Publishing
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Volume:
- 64
- Issue:
- 37
- ISSN:
- 1433-7851
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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