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1. The Iceland Microcontinent and a continental Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102926  

   Foulger, Gillian R.; Doré, Tony; Emeleus, C. Henry; Franke, Dieter; Geoffroy, Laurent; Gernigon, Laurent; Hey, Richard; Holdsworth, Robert E.; Hole, Malcolm; Höskuldsson, Ármann; et al (July 2020, Earth-Science Reviews)
2. Structure and Variability of Iceland Scotland Overflow Water Transport in the Western Iceland Basin

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020107  

   Devana, M; Johns, W (August 2024, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)

   Abstract The Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) plume supplies approximately a third of the production of North Atlantic Deep Water and is a key component of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) mooring array in the Iceland Basin has provided high‐resolution observations of ISOW from 2014 to 2020. The ISOW plume forms a deep western boundary current along the eastern flank of Reykjanes Ridge, and its total transport varies by greater than a factor of two on intra‐seasonal timescales. EOF analysis of moored current meter records reveal two dominant modes of velocity variance. The first mode explains roughly 20% of the variance and shows a bottom intensified structure concentrated in the rift valley that runs parallel to the ridge axis. The transport anomaly reconstructed from the first mode explains nearly 80% of the total ISOW plume transport variance. The second mode accounts for 15% of velocity variance, but only 5% of the transport variance. The geostrophically estimated transport (2.9 Sv) recovers only 70% of the total ISOW transport along the ridge flank estimated from the direct current meter observations (4.2 Sv), implying a significant ageostrophic component of ISOW mean transport and variability. Ageostrophic flow is strongly linked to the leading mode of velocity variability within the rift valley. The ISOW transport variability along the upper and middle part of the ridge is further shown to correlate with changes in the strength of deep MOC limb across the basin‐wide OSNAP array. 

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3. The Iceland Greenland Seas Project

   https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0217.1  

   Renfrew, I. A.; Pickart, R. S.; Våge, K.; Moore, G. W.; Bracegirdle, T. J.; Elvidge, A. D.; Jeansson, E.; Lachlan-Cope, T.; McRaven, L. T.; Papritz, L.; et al (September 2019, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract The Iceland Greenland Seas Project (IGP) is a coordinated atmosphere–ocean research program investigating climate processes in the source region of the densest waters of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. During February and March 2018, a field campaign was executed over the Iceland and southern Greenland Seas that utilized a range of observing platforms to investigate critical processes in the region, including a research vessel, a research aircraft, moorings, sea gliders, floats, and a meteorological buoy. A remarkable feature of the field campaign was the highly coordinated deployment of the observing platforms, whereby the research vessel and aircraft tracks were planned in concert to allow simultaneous sampling of the atmosphere, the ocean, and their interactions. This joint planning was supported by tailor-made convection-permitting weather forecasts and novel diagnostics from an ensemble prediction system. The scientific aims of the IGP are to characterize the atmospheric forcing and the ocean response of coupled processes; in particular, cold-air outbreaks in the vicinity of the marginal ice zone and their triggering of oceanic heat loss, and the role of freshwater in the generation of dense water masses. The campaign observed the life cycle of a long-lasting cold-air outbreak over the Iceland Sea and the development of a cold-air outbreak over the Greenland Sea. Repeated profiling revealed the immediate impact on the ocean, while a comprehensive hydrographic survey provided a rare picture of these subpolar seas in winter. A joint atmosphere–ocean approach is also being used in the analysis phase, with coupled observational analysis and coordinated numerical modeling activities underway. 

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4. The Hydrochemical Signature of Incongruent Weathering in Iceland

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006450  

   Cole, Trevor L.; Torres, Mark A.; Kemeny, Preston C. (June 2022, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface)
5. Rumpelstiltsken’s feat: cloth and German trade with Iceland

   Smith, Michele Hayeur (October 2019, AmS-Skrifter 27, 107–120, Stavanger,)

   Identifying foreign cloth imports in the Icelandic archaeological corpus is difficult at best, yet given widespread similarities in homespun cloth from sites across the country, imported cloth can be identified visually through the presence of refined finishing techniques (such as teaseling, shearing, and fulling) that were uncommon in Iceland and were the products of specialist craftsmen in Europe. This paper examines textile assemblages from deposits datable to the period of Hanseatic trade at three sites, Gilsbakki, Reykholt, and Stóra-Borg that represent two wealthy, interior, parish centres and a moderate-sized coastal farm, respectively. Variations in the number and diversity of imported cloth items within these sites’ assemblages suggest that while Hanseatic material culture was widely spread on Icelandic rural sites, the nature of the material culture sub-assemblages attributable to Hanseatic trade was not obviously a direct function of households’ wealth or proximity to harbours but may have engaged other cultural factors linked to the political and social challenges of the post-Reformation period and the roles of individual households in regional or intra-Icelandic trade. 

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