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BioMolViz is a community of practice dedicated to improving biomolecular visualization instruction. Guided by a framework of learning objectives for biomolecular visualization skills, our initial project goal was to create a repository of validated assessments to evaluate students’ visual literacy. In 2018, the team was awarded one year of seed funding, which led to a four-year National Science Foundation (NSF) grant. This support allowed BioMolViz to flourish into a community of educators in professional development workshops and working groups, where teams of participants aimed to design effective and accessible assessments to evaluate students’ biomolecular visual literacy. As the project advanced, we piloted these items in classrooms across the United States. Through a small-scale classroom testing study, we compared student and instructor perceptions of assessment difficulty, while large-scale testing revealed performance patterns that reinforced the need to understand distinct student perspectives. This led us to evaluate students’ problem-solving strategies through surveys and semi-structured interviews. Based on this work, we argue that a reimagining of the curriculum can begin with faculty, but must include productive student partnerships to enact effective change. We offer our repository of visual literacy assessments, the BioMolViz Library, as an instructor resource shaped by the student perspective, and present a new instructor training resource recently produced by our working group. As we approach the close of our funding cycle, we offer our ideas and invite conversations on fostering long-term sustainability for our robust community of practice, under all future resource models. 

mRNA therapeutics offer a potentially universal strategy for the efficient development and delivery of therapeutic proteins. Current mRNA vaccines include chemically modified nucleotides to reduce cellular immunogenicity. Here, we develop an efficient, high-throughput method to measure human translation initiation on therapeutically modified as well as endogenous RNAs. Using systems-level biochemistry, we quantify ribosome recruitment to tens of thousands of human 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) including alternative isoforms and identify sequences that mediate 200-fold effects. We observe widespread effects of coding sequences on translation initiation and identify small regulatory elements of 3–6 nucleotides that are sufficient to potently affect translational output. Incorporation of N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) selectively enhances translation by specific 5′ UTRs that we demonstrate surpass those of current mRNA vaccines. Our approach is broadly applicable to dissecting mechanisms of human translation initiation and engineering more potent therapeutic mRNAs. 

Abstract Soft earthworm‐like robots that exhibit mechanical compliance can, in principle, navigate through uneven terrains and constricted spaces that are inaccessible to traditional legged and wheeled robots. However, unlike the biological originals that they mimic, most of the worm‐like robots reported to date contain rigid components that limit their compliance, such as electromotors or pressure‐driven actuation systems. Here, a mechanically compliant worm‐like robot with a fully modular body that is based on soft polymers is reported. The robot is composed of strategically assembled, electrothermally activated polymer bilayer actuators, which are based on a semicrystalline polyurethane with an exceptionally large nonlinear thermal expansion coefficient. The segments are designed on the basis of a modified Timoshenko model, and finite element analysis simulation is used to describe their performance. Upon electrical activation of the segments with basic waveform patterns, the robot can move through repeatable peristaltic locomotion on exceptionally slippery or sticky surfaces and it can be oriented in any direction. The soft body enables the robot to wriggle through openings and tunnels that are much smaller than its cross‐section. 

The evaporation of water exposed to a subsaturated environment is relevant for a variety of water harvesting and energy harvesting applications. Here, we show that the diffusive evaporation rate of water can be greatly modulated by floating a nanoporous synthetic leaf at the water’s free interface. The floating leaf was able to evaporate at least as much water as a free interface under equivalent conditions, which is remarkable considering that only about a third of the leaf’s interface is open to the ambient.We attribute the enhanced evaporation of the water menisci to their sharp curvature and three-dimensional surface area. At low humidities the water menisci cannot achieve a local equilibrium, due to the mismatch in water activity across the interface outcompeting the negative Laplace pressure. As a result, the mensici retreat partway into the leaf, which increases the local humidity directly above the menisci until equilibrium is reached. Using a ceramic disk with pore diameters of 160 nm, we find the surprising result that leaves exposed to an ambient relative humidity of 95% can evaporate water at the same rate as leaves exposed to only 50% humidity, due to the long and tortuous vapor pathway in the latter case.