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Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss. is one of the renowned genera in the Nyctaginaceae, but despite its recognized horticultural value, the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus is not well-studied. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on plastid genomes showed that B. pachyphylla and B. peruviana are basal taxa, while B. spinosa is sister to two distinct clades: the predominantly cultivated Bougainvillea clade (B. spectabilis, B. glabra, B. arborea, B. cultivar, B. praecox) and the clade containing wild species of Bougainvillea (B. berberidifolia, B. campanulata, B. infesta, B. modesta, B. luteoalba, B. stipitata, and B. stipitata var. grisebachiana). Early divergence of B. peruviana, B. pachyphylla and B. spinosa is highly supported, thus the previously proposed division of Bougainvillea into two subgenera (Bougainvillea and Tricycla) was not reflected in this study. Morphological analysis also revealed that leaf arrangement, size, and indumentum together with the perianth tube and anthocarp shape and indumentum are important characteristics in differentiating the species of Bougainvillea. In the present study, 11 species and one variety are recognized in Bougainvillea. Six names are newly reduced to synonymy, and lectotypes are designated for 27 names. In addition, a revised identification key and illustrations of the distinguishing parts are also provided in the paper. 

Paraphlomis jinggangshanensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Jiangxi Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to P. intermedia , but can be easily distinguished from the latter by its cordate leaf base ( vs. cuneate, decurrent), stem and calyx tube with glandular hairs ( vs. short pubescent), and glabrous anthers ( vs. ciliate anthers). A phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS regions, suggests that P. jinggangshanensis represents a separate branch in Paraphlomis and is closely related to Clade II. It is currently known only from Jinggangshan National Natural Reserve. Because of its limited distribution and small population size, the species was assessed as Near Threatened (NT) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. 

Summary Powdery mildew is an economically important disease caused byc. 1000 different fungal species.Erysiphe vacciniiis an emerging powdery mildew species that is impacting the blueberry industry. Once confined to North America,E. vacciniiis now spreading rapidly across major blueberry‐growing regions, including China, Morocco, Mexico, and the USA, threatening millions in losses.This study documents its recent global spread by analyzing both herbarium specimens, some over 150‐yr‐old, and fresh samples collected world‐wide.Our findings were integrated into a ‘living phylogeny’ via T‐BAS to simplify pathogen identification and enable rapid responses to new outbreaks. We identified 50 haplotypes, two primary introductions world‐wide, and revealed a shift from a generalist to a specialist pathogen.This research provides insights into the complexities of host specialization and highlights the need to address this emerging global threat to blueberry production.