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Abstract Fused deposition modeling 3D printing provides a cost-effective and streamlined method for producing electrochemical sensors, overcoming the challenges associated with material selection, complex fabrication processes, and reproducibility issues. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing a dual-printer setup to simplify the manufacturing of sensor electrodes. A critical enhancement in this process is the surface modification with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which not only improves the electrochemical characteristics but also induces a wrinkled structure on the 3D printed surface. These wrinkles significantly increase the surface area, directly boosting the electrode’s electrochemical performance. Comprehensive characterization of the electrode surfaces, both before and after rGO modification, demonstrates a substantial increase in sensitivity, with a fortyfold improvement observed in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) amperometric measurements. This breakthrough paves the way for advanced applications in 3D printed electrochemical sensors. 

Gyroid structure, a nature inspired cellular architecture, is under extensive exploration recently due to its structure continuity, uniform stress distribution under compression, and stable collapse mechanism during deformation. However, when combining with a functional gradient, the Gyroid structure can perform much different mechanical behavior from its homogeneous counterpart. Herein, bottom-up computational modeling is performed to investigate the mechanics of functional gradient nano-gyroid structure made of copper (Cu). Our work reveals that its mechanical properties degrade with a density that is much slower than those of homogeneous gyroid structure. The scaling of yield strength [Formula: see text] to the relative density [Formula: see text] for the functional gradient gyroid structure is in the factor of 1.5. Moreover, the layer-by-layer collapsing mechanism yields significantly better mechanical energy absorption ability. This study not only leads to insightful understanding of the deformation mechanisms in nonuniform gyroid structures but also promotes the development of the functional gradient cellular materials.