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With the growing number of applications for thin polymer films (e.g., corrosion-resistant coatings, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics), there is an urgent need to develop or advance cost-effective, versatile, and high-throughput manufacturing processes to produce thin polymer films and coatings with controllable properties (e.g., morphology, composition). In this work, we present a simple, cost-effective, and scalable approach: the air-assisted electrospray method for thin film coating. We systematically investigate its capabilities for producing coatings with a wide range of surface morphologies, its compatibility with three-dimensional substrates, and the fundamental understanding of the process. Through systematic control of concentration, needle configuration, and polymer selection, we demonstrate the ability to produce coating morphologies with diverse structural characteristics and excellent reproducibility. Notably, the introduction of air assistance through a coaxial needle greatly enlarges the range of achievable morphologies, particularly at lower concentrations. We also found that the position of the airflow relative to the solution is critical for determining the polymer film properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate its broad application potential in the fabrication of binderless electrodes for sodium-ion batteries. 

CO and/or H₂O on mesoporous oxide supported metal catalysts are reviewed from our research and literature in 2020–2025, for WGS, CO oxidation, and F–T synthesis, with focuses on advanced spectroscopic techniques and metal–support interactions. 

Abstract The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) is a promising approach for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, allowing harmful CO₂to be converted into more valuable carbon‐based products. On one hand, single carbon (C₁) products have been obtained with high efficiency and show great promise for industrial CO₂capture. However, multi‐carbon (C₂₊) products possess high market value and have demonstrated significant promise as potential products for CO₂RR. Due to CO₂RR's multiple pathways with similar equilibrium potentials, the extended reaction mechanisms necessary to form C₂₊products continue to reduce the overall selectivity of CO₂‐to‐C₂₊electroconversion. Meanwhile, CO₂RR as a whole faces many challenges relating to system optimization, owing to an intolerance for low surface pH, systemic stability and utilization issues, and a competing side reaction in the form of the H₂evolution reaction (HER). Ethylene (C₂H₄) remains incredibly valuable within the chemical industry; however, the current established method for producing ethylene (steam cracking) contributes to the emission of CO₂into the atmosphere. Thus, strategies to significantly increase the efficiency of this technology are essential. This review will discuss the vital factors influencing CO₂RR in forming C₂H₄products and summarize the recent advancements in ethylene electrosynthesis.