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  1. Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 16, 2025
  2. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems require a large number of antennas, which makes the beam training challenging and time-consuming for conventional phased arrays. Recently, a true-time-delay (TTD) array-based beam training algorithm has been shown as an effective solution to overcome the training overhead in large arrays. In this paper, we present a custombuilt over-the-air (OTA) testbed to study the effects of hardware impairments on the TTD-based beam training and verify its feasibility in a real system. We proposed an orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) based reconstruction algorithm along with a phase calibration dictionary to combat nonidealities such as strong frequency selectivity and phase misalignment in the received raw IQ signal. Post-processing results showed that with the nonideality effects properly handled, the 3D TTD beam training algorithm can achieve high AOA estimation accuracy. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 9, 2025
  3. Pavan Hanumolu, Kenichi Okada (Ed.)
  4. In the baseband time delay (TD) elements used for delay compensation in discrete-time beamformers, phase interpolator (PI) plays a crucial role as the resolution of the PI defines the delay resolution of the TD. In this paper, we present a process and temperature invariant high-resolution and highly linear low-power PI. The proposed PI uses current integration which generates an adaptable constant slope-and-swing ramp signal to achieve low power. By switched-capacitor bias generation, the PI linearity is enhanced with 0.2 LSB DNL and 0.3 LSB INL, respectively. The 7-bit PI is realized in 65nm CMOS technology can generate the full range delay with a resolution of 8psec with the input of 1GHz. The PI consumes a power of 345μW and occupies an active area of 0.021mm2. Keywords—Ramp-rate tracking, constant slope-and-swing, phase interpolator, ramp-based, baseband time delay 
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